11.1 Flashcards
What are the three axes of motion
- Lateral
- Longitudinal
3.vertical
What are the 3 motions of axes
- Pitch
- Yaw
- Roll
Vertical axis motion
Yaw - nose left nose nose right
Lateral axis motion
Pitch - nose up nose down
Longitudinal axis motion
Roll - wing up wing down
Primary flight controls
Ailerons , Elevators , Rudder
Vertical axis flight control
Rudder
Longitudinal axis flight control
Aileron
Lateral axis flight control
Elevator
Whats the purpose of secondary flight controls
Improve aircraft performance characteristics & relieve excessive control loading
What are the secondary flight controls
1.Flaps
2.slats
3.Flight Spoilers
4.Trim systems
Function of inboard ailerons
Low speed & high speed
Function of outboard ailerons
Low speed only , inactive in high speed
What are roll spoilers
Supplement ailerons on large aircraft, helps execute accurate turn
What are ailerons
Roll control along longitudinal axis , ailerons deflect in opposite directions
Function of elevators
Pitch control around lateral axis , move up and down simultaneously
What does up and down deflection do with elevators
Up - nose up attitude
Down - nose down attitude
Function of stabilator
Fully moveable horizontal stabiliser
Enhances manoeuvrability & reduces Mach tuck on high speed military aircraft
2 types of canard
Lifting & control
What does a canard do and where is it located
Provides longitudinal stability & control
Located on nose/foward fuselage
What is a lifting canard
Weight shared between canard & wing
Generates positive lift
What does a control canard do
Used for pitch control , the weight is carried by the wing
Used normally at zero angle of attack
Difference between lifting and control canard
Lifting shares weight between canard and wing , with control only the wing carries the weight
What does the rudder do?
Yaw control around vertical axis
What does the left rudder do?
Nose left attitude
What does the right rudder do?
Nose right attitude
What prevents rudder stabiliser overload?
Rudder limiter system
What is full rudder travel?
30 degree - 150 knots
What is intermediate travel?
15 degrees- 150-200 knots
What is a minimum travel?
5.7 degrees - 200 and above knots
Where is the ruddervator used and what are the functions?
Used on v-tail aircraft
Both surfaces move simultaneously- elevator function
One surface up/ one surface down - rudder function
Advantages and disadvantages of ruddervators?
Adv- weight saving/ no vertical stabiliser
Dis Adv- complicated adjustment / no full rudder or elevator deflection
Feature of a delta aircraft?
Wingless
What is a Elevon?
Combination of elevator and aileron
What are secondary flight controls?
Lift devices
Drag devices
Trim devices
2 types of lift devices ?
Leading edge (Slats)
Trailing edge (Flaps)
What does flap extension do?
Wing area increase which causes wing camber to change
What are drag devices?
Speed brakes ( air breaks) - Used in areas with high loads
Spoilers
What flap gives the most lift?
Fowler flap - 95%
2 methods of boundary layer control?
Wing fences and saw tooth leading edge
How does a wing fence work and saw tooth leading edge ?
Reduces effect of spanwise flow
Keeps air particles in a straight line
What is a vortex generator and how does it work?
Improves boundary layer control
Takes high energy air from outside boundary layer —> Mix it with low energy air inside boundary layer
what are secondary lift devices
leading edge slats and trailing edge flaps
when are secondary lift devices used
Increase lift at low speed flight
Lift increase in slat
35%
Two drag devices
Spoilers and Air Brakes
what drag increases due to vortex generators
Induced Drag
what are trim systems used for
compensate for imbalance
3 types of balance system
balance tab, anti-balance tab , balance panel
where is balance panel fitted
leading edge of control surface
advantage of anti balance
increase efficiency of control surface
disadvantage of anti balance
requires more effort to deflect
