110314 tumors Flashcards
Which polycystic kidney disease has cortical based cysts?
adult form-autosomal dominant
symptoms of renal cell carcinoma
painless hematuria, palpable abd mass, dull flank pain = classic triad
polycythemia in 5-10% of cases
types of renal cell carcinoma ex in order of prevalance
clear cell
papillary
chromophobe
collecting duct (a subtype is medullary carcinoma)
what renal cell carcinoma has the worst outcome?
collecting duct tumor
what renal cell carcinoma has the best outcome?
chromophobe
renal oncocytoma
benign tumor
angiomyolipoma
non-epithelial tumor. from stroma.
contains vessels, sm musc, fat
most frequent benign renal tumor
histology of papillary type of renal cell carcinoma
tumor cells with stromal core (core contains vessels and macrophages)
histology of chromophobe carcinoma
halo around wrinkled nucleus
binucleate cells
medullary carcinoma
restricted to individuals of African or Mediterranean descent
pts have sickle cell dis or trait
presents at very high stage, resists chemo. worst outcome of all kidney cancers
in what do you see lots of vacuoles and oxalate crystals on histology?
acquired cystic disease asscoiated renal carcinoma
what tumor is derived from cells that have premelanosomes
angiomyolipoma
Wilm’s tumor
almost always pediatric tumor
variety of cell and tissue components derived from mesoderm
acquired non-neoplastic anomalies of urinary bladder
cystitis cystica/cystitis glandularis
polypoid and papillary cystitis
nephrogenic adenoma
all of these may mimic a tumor
how do polypoid and papillary cystitis arise?
catheter, stone, etc
in the setting of submucosal edema, usually w inflam
how to distinguish polypoid cystitis from papillary cystitis?
poplypoid has a tip that is wider than base
nephrogenic adenoma
also called nephrogenic metaplasia
males 2:1
60% of cases are following GU surgery
often associated w chronic cystitis
benign proliferaiton of tubules
bladder cancer may be what two forms
flat or take the form of a mass
when takes the form of a mass, called papillary or exophytic
key determination to make for staging bladder cancer
whether muscularis propria is invaded–leads to conservative management vs cystectomy
in high grade urothelial carcinoma, what histologically do you expect to see?
huge nuclei, jumbled polarity
flat lesions in bladder–ex in increasing grade
reactive
indeterminate
dysplasia
carcinoma in situ
carcinoma in situ of bladder presents how
often with bladder ulcerations, mimicking some benign conditions
upper urothelial tract urothelial carcinoma
renal pelvis and ureter
most cases are high grade
half are locally advanced (stage pT2 or higher)
in more aggressive cases-muscle wall is thin
in order of increasing grade, ex of papillary bladder lesions?
papilloma
papillary neoplasm of uncertain potential
low grade urothelial cancer
high grade urothelial cancer
