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Renal > 102814 physio review > Flashcards

102814 physio review Flashcards

1
Q

ICF is what percent of body weight?

A

40%

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2
Q

ECF is what percent of body weight?

A

20%

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3
Q

osmolarity of ECF and ICF in the body is

A

280-300 mOsm/liter

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4
Q

what does glomerular filtrate contain in terms of salt and organic substance concentration?

A

same concentration of most salts and organic substances found in plasma

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5
Q

what are the physical forces causing filtration by glomerular capillaries?

A

glomerular hydrostatic pressure
glomerular colloid osmotic pressure
Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure

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6
Q

GFR is usually

A

125 ml/min

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7
Q

efferent plasma flow is usually

A

575 ml/min

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8
Q

what are the determinants of glomerular filtration rate?

A

ultrafiltration coefficient and driving force

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9
Q

ultrafiltration coefficient

A

product of hydraulic permeability (Lp) and surface area of the glomerular capillary membranes

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10
Q

in diabetes mellitis, why is ultrafiltration coefficient reduced?

A

because glomeruli become sclerotic and there are less glomeruli contributing to the total glomerular capillary area

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11
Q

as arterial pressures change, what happens to renal blood flow? to GFR?

A

they stay the same within 80-150 mmHg of arterial pressure. this is because of autoregulation of renal blood flow and GFR

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12
Q

what happens to urine output with increases in arterial pressure?

A

it increases (due to pressure natriuresis. the mechanism for pres natr is unknown)

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13
Q

how can GFR and RBF be autoregulated?

A

myogenic mechanism

tubuloglomerular feedback

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14
Q

what is the ultimate effect of macula densa feedback in the case of decreased arterial pressure?

A

decrease afferent arteriolar resistance

increase efferent arteriolar resistance

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15
Q

NE’s effect on GFR

A

decreases GFR

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16
Q

epinephrine’s effect on GFR

A

decreases GFR

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17
Q

endothelin’s effect on GFR

A

decreases GFR

18
Q

angiotensin II’s effect on GFR

A

no change or decreases

19
Q

endothelial derived NO’s effect on GFR

A

increases GFR

20
Q

prostaglandin’s effect on GFR

A

increase

21
Q

myoglobin’s filterability by glomerular capillary

A

0.75 (as it’s a small protein)

22
Q

albumin’s filterability by glomerular capillary

A

0.005 (larger protein)

23
Q

angiotensin II increases Na and water reabsoprtion where

A

proximal tubule

24
Q

angiotensin II increases hydrogen ion secretion where

A

proximal tubule

25
Q

diabetics can have what with regards to urine?

A

proteinuria

26
Q

what happens in the thin descending loop of henle

A

reabsorption of water

27
Q

what happens in thin ascending loop of henle

A

impermeable to water
passive reabsorption of sodium
permeable to urea-urea secretion

28
Q

thick ascending loop of Henle

A

reabsorbs 25% of filtered Na by Na/K/2Cl transport

lumen positive potential drives paracellular reabsorption of Na, K, Mg, Ca

impermeable to water

dilutes tubular fluid

29
Q

what sodium transporters are in the thick ascending loop of Henle

A

Na/H (sodium reabsorption, H secretion)

Na/K/2Cl (all reabsorbed)

30
Q

furosemide works where?

A

thick ascending loop of Henle at the Na/K/2Cl transporter

31
Q

early distal tubule

A

reabsorbs Na, Cl, Ca, Mg
not permeable to water
thiazide diuretics sensitive segment (works at Na/Cl transporter)

32
Q

what transporters are there in the early distal tubule

A

Na/Cl (both reabsorbed)

33
Q

late distal tubule and cortical collecting duct

A

reabsorbs Na, secretes K (these two are coupled and regulated by aldosterone)

regulated by aldosterone
water permeability regulated by ADH

34
Q

where do K sparing diuretics work?

A

late distal tubule and cortical collecting duct at the reabsoprtion of sodium and secretion of potassium

35
Q

what transporter is in the principal cell of late distal tubule and cortical collecting duct

A

ENaC (epithelial sodium channel)-reabsorbs sodium

36
Q

medullary collecting duct

A

reabsorbs Na-similar to principal cells
ADH stimulated water reabsorption

urea reabsorption

37
Q

angiotensin II acts where and does what

A

primarily proximal tubule

increases Na and water reabsorption. increases H+ secretion

38
Q

where does ADH work? what does it do?

A

principal cells of late distal tubule and collecting duct, inner medullary collecting duct

increases water reabsorption

39
Q

where does ANP work and what does it do?

A

distal tubule and collecting duct

decreases Na reabsoprtion

40
Q

PTH works where and does what?

A

proximal tubule-decreases PO4 reabsoprtion

thick ascending loop of Henle and distal tubule-increases Ca reabsoprtion

Renal (24 decks)

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