102814 physio review

Question 1

ICF is what percent of body weight?

Answer 1

40%

Question 2

ECF is what percent of body weight?

Answer 2

20%

Question 3

osmolarity of ECF and ICF in the body is

Answer 3

280-300 mOsm/liter

Question 4

what does glomerular filtrate contain in terms of salt and organic substance concentration?

Answer 4

same concentration of most salts and organic substances found in plasma

Question 5

what are the physical forces causing filtration by glomerular capillaries?

Answer 5

glomerular hydrostatic pressure
glomerular colloid osmotic pressure
Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure

Question 6

GFR is usually

Answer 6

125 ml/min

Question 7

efferent plasma flow is usually

Answer 7

575 ml/min

Question 8

what are the determinants of glomerular filtration rate?

Answer 8

ultrafiltration coefficient and driving force

Question 9

ultrafiltration coefficient

Answer 9

product of hydraulic permeability (Lp) and surface area of the glomerular capillary membranes

Question 10

in diabetes mellitis, why is ultrafiltration coefficient reduced?

Answer 10

because glomeruli become sclerotic and there are less glomeruli contributing to the total glomerular capillary area

Question 11

as arterial pressures change, what happens to renal blood flow? to GFR?

Answer 11

they stay the same within 80-150 mmHg of arterial pressure. this is because of autoregulation of renal blood flow and GFR

Question 12

what happens to urine output with increases in arterial pressure?

Answer 12

it increases (due to pressure natriuresis. the mechanism for pres natr is unknown)

Question 13

how can GFR and RBF be autoregulated?

Answer 13

myogenic mechanism

tubuloglomerular feedback

Question 14

what is the ultimate effect of macula densa feedback in the case of decreased arterial pressure?

Answer 14

decrease afferent arteriolar resistance

increase efferent arteriolar resistance

Question 15

NE’s effect on GFR

Answer 15

decreases GFR

Question 16

epinephrine’s effect on GFR

Answer 16

decreases GFR

Question 17

endothelin’s effect on GFR

Answer 17

decreases GFR

Question 18

angiotensin II’s effect on GFR

Answer 18

no change or decreases

Question 19

endothelial derived NO’s effect on GFR

Answer 19

increases GFR

Question 20

prostaglandin’s effect on GFR

Answer 20

increase

Question 21

myoglobin’s filterability by glomerular capillary

Answer 21

0.75 (as it’s a small protein)

Question 22

albumin’s filterability by glomerular capillary

Answer 22

0.005 (larger protein)

Question 23

angiotensin II increases Na and water reabsoprtion where

Answer 23

proximal tubule

Question 24

angiotensin II increases hydrogen ion secretion where

Answer 24

proximal tubule

Question 25

diabetics can have what with regards to urine?

Answer 25

proteinuria

Question 26

what happens in the thin descending loop of henle

Answer 26

reabsorption of water

Question 27

what happens in thin ascending loop of henle

Answer 27

impermeable to water passive reabsorption of sodium permeable to urea-urea secretion

Question 28

thick ascending loop of Henle

Answer 28

reabsorbs 25% of filtered Na by Na/K/2Cl transport lumen positive potential drives paracellular reabsorption of Na, K, Mg, Ca impermeable to water dilutes tubular fluid

Question 29

what sodium transporters are in the thick ascending loop of Henle

Answer 29

Na/H (sodium reabsorption, H secretion) | Na/K/2Cl (all reabsorbed)

Question 30

furosemide works where?

Answer 30

thick ascending loop of Henle at the Na/K/2Cl transporter

Question 31

early distal tubule

Answer 31

reabsorbs Na, Cl, Ca, Mg not permeable to water thiazide diuretics sensitive segment (works at Na/Cl transporter)

Question 32

what transporters are there in the early distal tubule

Answer 32

Na/Cl (both reabsorbed)

Question 33

late distal tubule and cortical collecting duct

Answer 33

reabsorbs Na, secretes K (these two are coupled and regulated by aldosterone) regulated by aldosterone water permeability regulated by ADH

Question 34

where do K sparing diuretics work?

Answer 34

late distal tubule and cortical collecting duct at the reabsoprtion of sodium and secretion of potassium

Question 35

what transporter is in the principal cell of late distal tubule and cortical collecting duct

Answer 35

ENaC (epithelial sodium channel)-reabsorbs sodium

Question 36

medullary collecting duct

Answer 36

reabsorbs Na-similar to principal cells ADH stimulated water reabsorption urea reabsorption

Question 37

angiotensin II acts where and does what

Answer 37

primarily proximal tubule | increases Na and water reabsorption. increases H+ secretion

Question 38

where does ADH work? what does it do?

Answer 38

principal cells of late distal tubule and collecting duct, inner medullary collecting duct increases water reabsorption

Question 39

where does ANP work and what does it do?

Answer 39

distal tubule and collecting duct | decreases Na reabsoprtion

Question 40

PTH works where and does what?

Answer 40

proximal tubule-decreases PO4 reabsoprtion thick ascending loop of Henle and distal tubule-increases Ca reabsoprtion