102714 histology

Question 1

fxns of kidney

Answer 1

excretory

homeostatic (maintain ECF volume, maintain acid base balance by making bicarbonate and selective secretion of H ions)

endocrine (monitor O2 carrying capacity of blood through erythropoietin; regulate BP through renin angiotensin system)

Question 2

lobe

Answer 2

medulla plus surrounding cortex

Question 3

renal papilla

Answer 3

where medullary pyramid dumps output to the minor calyx

Question 4

medullary rays

Answer 4

linear arrays of tubules extending into the cortex

Question 5

renal lobule

Answer 5

medullary ray plus cortical tissue (primarily nephrons) on either side

Question 6

how much blood is extracted from blood each minute as filtrate?

Answer 6

120 mL

Question 7

tubular plexus

Answer 7

vasculature supplying tubules of the cortical nephrons

Question 8

uriniferous tubule

Answer 8

nephron with collecting duct

Question 9

four components of renal corpuscle

Answer 9

glomerulus
visceral layer of renal capsule
parietal layer of renal capsule
mesangium

Question 10

visceral layer of renal capsule is composed of

Answer 10

podocytes

Question 11

what is the luminal surfae of capillary endothelium coated with?

Answer 11

negatively charged proteoglycan molecules forming a glycocalyx

Question 12

what prevents proteins from entering glomerular filtrate?

Answer 12

basement membrane

Question 13

fxns of glomerular mesangium

Answer 13

physical support
regulate glomerular blood flow
turnover of glomerular basement membrane

Question 14

glomerular mesangium is

Answer 14

cells and ECM

specialized pericyte (sm musc cells) that contain receptors for ANP and angiotensin II. secrete endothelin, cyotkines, and prostaglandins

Question 15

proximal tubule contains what two portions

Answer 15

convoluted portion
straight portion (also called thick descending limb of Henle)

Question 16

where is loop of henle located

Answer 16

medulla

Question 17

loop of Henle epithelium differences

Answer 17

thick portions lined with cuboidal. thin portions lined with simple squamous

Question 18

cuboidal cells of collecting tubules and collecting ducts are also called

Answer 18

principal or light cells

Question 19

ADH dependent segment is found where

Answer 19

collecting tubule (late distal tubule)

Na is reabsorbed and K is secreted

Question 20

renal tubular disease

Answer 20

affects reabsoprtion and secretion resulting in either polyuria or oligouria

Question 21

components of tubular-interstitium-vascular interaction

Answer 21

collecting ducts
loops of Henle
vasa recta

Question 22

renin producing cells are located where

Answer 22

juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 23

juxtaglomerular apparatus contains what

Answer 23

renin producing cells
extraglomerular mesangial (lactis) cells
macula densa

Question 24

erythropoietin

Answer 24

increases mitosis of RBC precursors
increases release of RBC from marrow

probably made by cortical interstital cells

Question 25

kidney failure

Answer 25

inability of kidney to remove accumulated metabolites from blood

Question 26

calyces, pelvis and ureters have what in their wall?

Answer 26

mucosa: transitional epithelium lamina propria with lots of elastic tissue muscularis: sm musc adventitia: fibrous connec tissues

Question 27

composition of wall of urinary bladder

Answer 27

transitional epithelium | 3 layers of sm musc

Question 28

bladder cancer affects mostly what?

Answer 28

uroepithelium