102714 histology Flashcards
fxns of kidney
excretory
homeostatic (maintain ECF volume, maintain acid base balance by making bicarbonate and selective secretion of H ions)
endocrine (monitor O2 carrying capacity of blood through erythropoietin; regulate BP through renin angiotensin system)
lobe
medulla plus surrounding cortex
renal papilla
where medullary pyramid dumps output to the minor calyx
medullary rays
linear arrays of tubules extending into the cortex
renal lobule
medullary ray plus cortical tissue (primarily nephrons) on either side
how much blood is extracted from blood each minute as filtrate?
120 mL
tubular plexus
vasculature supplying tubules of the cortical nephrons
uriniferous tubule
nephron with collecting duct
four components of renal corpuscle
glomerulus
visceral layer of renal capsule
parietal layer of renal capsule
mesangium
visceral layer of renal capsule is composed of
podocytes
what is the luminal surfae of capillary endothelium coated with?
negatively charged proteoglycan molecules forming a glycocalyx
what prevents proteins from entering glomerular filtrate?
basement membrane
fxns of glomerular mesangium
physical support
regulate glomerular blood flow
turnover of glomerular basement membrane
glomerular mesangium is
cells and ECM
specialized pericyte (sm musc cells) that contain receptors for ANP and angiotensin II. secrete endothelin, cyotkines, and prostaglandins
proximal tubule contains what two portions
convoluted portion straight portion (also called thick descending limb of Henle)
where is loop of henle located
medulla
loop of Henle epithelium differences
thick portions lined with cuboidal. thin portions lined with simple squamous
cuboidal cells of collecting tubules and collecting ducts are also called
principal or light cells
ADH dependent segment is found where
collecting tubule (late distal tubule)
Na is reabsorbed and K is secreted
renal tubular disease
affects reabsoprtion and secretion resulting in either polyuria or oligouria
components of tubular-interstitium-vascular interaction
collecting ducts
loops of Henle
vasa recta
renin producing cells are located where
juxtaglomerular apparatus
juxtaglomerular apparatus contains what
renin producing cells
extraglomerular mesangial (lactis) cells
macula densa
erythropoietin
increases mitosis of RBC precursors
increases release of RBC from marrow
probably made by cortical interstital cells
kidney failure
inability of kidney to remove accumulated metabolites from blood
calyces, pelvis and ureters have what in their wall?
mucosa:
transitional epithelium
lamina propria with lots of elastic tissue
muscularis:
sm musc
adventitia:
fibrous connec tissues
composition of wall of urinary bladder
transitional epithelium
3 layers of sm musc
bladder cancer affects mostly what?
uroepithelium
