102914 acid base disorders

Question 1

pCO2 can be correlated with

Answer 1

H+

Question 2

normal pH is

Answer 2

7.4

Question 3

life is sustained at what pH levels

Answer 3

6.8-7.6

Question 4

where is most of the acid gotten rid of in the body?

Answer 4

lungs

Question 5

how does the kidney buffer acid?

Answer 5

proximal tubule-bicarbonate is reabsorbed via actions of carbonic anhydrase

distal convoluted tubule-H ions are secreted into lumen

Question 6

urine pH is

Answer 6

6-6.5

Question 7

normal pCO2 is

Answer 7

40 mmHg

Question 8

normal HCO3- is

Answer 8

24 mmol/L

Question 9

respiratory acidosis is defined by values of?

Answer 9

pCO2 that are over 40 mmHg

Question 10

metabolic alkalosis is defined by values of?

Answer 10

HCO3- that are over 24 mmol/L

Question 11

systematic approach

Answer 11

pH
determine primary disorder (metabolic or respiratory)
calculate expected compensation
calculate anion gap

Question 12

compensation for metabolic acidosis is calculated how

Answer 12

1.5 [HCO3-] + 8 = pCO2
or
last 2 digits of pH = pCO2 (this method works with pH down to 7.2)

Question 13

compensation for metabolic alkalosis is calculated how

Answer 13

pCO2=0.9[HCO3-] + 9

Question 14

in metabolic acidosis or alkalosis, pCO2 compensates in what direction in relation to bicarbonate level change?

Answer 14

same direction

Question 15

compensation for respiratory acidosis is calculated how

Answer 15

acute: bicarbonate increases 1 mmol/L per 10mmHg increase in PaCO2
chronic: bicarbonate increases 4 mmol/L per 10 mmHg increase in PaCO2

Question 16

compensation for respiratory alkalosis is calculated how?

Answer 16

acute: bicarbonate decreases 2 mmol/L per 10 mmHg decrease in PaCO2
chronic: bicarbonate decreases 4 mmol/L per 10 mmHg decrease in PaCO2

Question 17

in respiratory acidosis or alkalosis, bicarb compensates in what direction in relation to changes in pCO2

Answer 17

same direction

Question 18

what is the purpose of calculating compensation?

Answer 18

to determine if a secondary disorder is present

Question 19

in a setting of a primary acid base disorder, what does compensation cause?

Answer 19

the setting of “normal” changes for the system is doing the compensation work

Question 20

anion gap is normally equal to

Answer 20

10

Question 21

anion gap equals

Answer 21

Na - (HCO3 + Cl)

Question 22

what is considered appropriate compensation?

Answer 22

+/- 2

Question 23

pH maintained by what?

Answer 23

pulmonary and renal buffering primarily