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CompTIA A+ > 1101 2.6 Network Configuration > Flashcards

1101 2.6 Network Configuration Flashcards

1
Q

What is DNS?

A

DNS (Domain Name System) is a network service that translates human-readable domain names (like www.example.com) into machine-readable IP addresses.

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2
Q

What are A and AAAA records in DNS?

A

A records map a domain to an IPv4 address, while AAAA records map a domain to an IPv6 address.

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3
Q

What is an MX record in DNS?

A

An MX (Mail Exchanger) record specifies the mail servers responsible for receiving email messages on behalf of a domain.

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4
Q

What is a TXT record in DNS used for?

A

TXT records are used to hold text information. They are often utilized for methods like SPF, DKIM, and DMARC to verify domain ownership and improve email security.

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5
Q

How does SPF (Sender Policy Framework) work in DNS?

A

SPF is used to validate outgoing emails, ensuring they are sent from authorized servers to prevent email spoofing.

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6
Q

What does DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) do in DNS?

A

DKIM allows an organization to take responsibility for a message in a way that can be validated by the recipient with a cryptographic signature.

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7
Q

What is the purpose of DMARC in DNS?

A

DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance) is used to enforce SPF and DKIM, providing instructions on how to handle messages that do not authenticate.

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8
Q

What is DHCP?

A

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a network management protocol used to automate the process of configuring devices on IP networks.

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9
Q

What is a DHCP lease?

A

A DHCP lease is the temporary assignment of an IP address to a device from a DHCP server for a specified period of time.

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10
Q

What are DHCP reservations?

A

DHCP reservations are a method to assign a permanent IP address to a device based on its MAC address, ensuring it receives the same IP address each time it connects.

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11
Q

What does DHCP scope mean?

A

A DHCP scope is a defined range of IP addresses that a DHCP server can use to assign to clients.

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12
Q

What is a VLAN?

A

VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) is a subnetwork that can group together collections of devices from different physical LANs.

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13
Q

How does a VLAN improve network management?

A

VLANs improve management by segregating data traffic, which enhances security and reduces collision domains.

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14
Q

What is a VPN?

A

VPN (Virtual Private Network) extends a private network across a public network, allowing users to send and receive data as if their devices were directly connected to the private network.

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15
Q

How does a VPN ensure privacy?

A

VPNs use encryption protocols to secure data transfers, maintaining privacy and preventing unauthorized access.

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16
Q

How does DHCP differ from DNS in their primary function?

A

DNS translates domain names to IP addresses, while DHCP automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network.

17
Q

Can a device have both dynamic and static IP addresses?

A

Yes, a device can have a static IP address manually configured and still receive dynamic IP addresses from DHCP for different interfaces.

18
Q

Why are VLANs considered virtual?

A

VLANs are considered virtual because they allow network segmentation without requiring physical separation of the network infrastructure.

19
Q

What role does DNS play in web browsing?

A

DNS resolves the domain names typed into a browser into IP addresses that routers can understand and route data packets to.

20
Q

How can an SPF record prevent email spoofing?

A

An SPF record lists authorized mail servers. Email receivers can check this record to verify if incoming emails are from listed servers, thus preventing spoofing.

21
Q

What is the significance of DHCP lease time?

A

Lease time determines how long a device can hold an IP address before it needs to renew it. Shorter lease times can adapt quicker to changes in the network.

22
Q

How do VLANs affect network security?

A

VLANs limit broadcast domains, reducing the potential attack surface. They can segregate sensitive data and restrict access to parts of the network.

23
Q

How do VPNs use encryption?

A

VPNs use protocols like IPsec, L2TP, or OpenVPN to encrypt data packets before they travel through the public internet, ensuring that data remains confidential.

24
Q

Why might a business use a static DHCP assignment?

A

Static assignments ensure devices like servers or printers always receive the same IP address, which simplifies network management and connectivity.

25
Q

How do DKIM and SPF complement each other?

A

DKIM provides a cryptographic signature to verify a message’s integrity and origin, while SPF verifies the sender’s IP against the expected sending IP.

26
Q

What is the role of DMARC in email security?

A

DMARC uses SPF and DKIM records to improve email security by specifying how receivers should handle failed email authentications.

27
Q

What is the purpose of encrypting data in a VPN?

A

Encryption in a VPN protects sensitive data from being intercepted or tampered with during transmission over public networks.

28
Q

How does a DHCP reservation work technically?

A

A DHCP reservation binds a specific IP address to a device’s MAC address, ensuring the device always receives the same IP when connected to the network.

29
Q

Why might an organization prefer using VLANs over physical LANs?

A

VLANs are more flexible and cost-effective as they reduce the need for multiple physical infrastructures and simplify adding or moving devices without physical reconfiguration.

30
Q

What are the security implications of using a VPN?

A

While VPNs secure data in transit, they do not protect against infections or malware introduced on the devices themselves or within the network.

31
Q

How does a T1 timer function in DHCP?

A

The T1 timer is set to 50% of the lease time, at which point the device attempts to renew its lease to maintain the same IP address.

32
Q

Can a TXT record contain multiple entries?

A

Yes, a TXT record can contain multiple entries, each serving different verification or configuration purposes.

33
Q

How do VLANs and VPNs differ in terms of user connectivity?

A

VLANs segregate traffic within a network while VPNs provide secure access to a network from external locations.

34
Q

What is a common use of A and AAAA records in DNS?

A

They are commonly used to map domain names to respective IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, facilitating the connection between user requests and server IP addresses.

35
Q

What determines the effectiveness of SPF, DKIM, and DMARC?

A

Their effectiveness depends on proper configuration in the DNS records and consistent enforcement of policies by email servers.

CompTIA A+ (26 decks)

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