1.10 Manila

Question 1

How is the Phillippines at risk?

Answer 1

• ranked 3rd in world risk index
• holds 8/10 most at risk
• 74% population exposed to two or more hazards
• multi hazard zone

Question 2

Tectonic context in Phillipines

Answer 2

• situated on a complex plate boundary ‘ring of fire’
• 2 major destructive (convergent) margins joined by conservative margin
• has 37 volcanoes (18 are active)
• 12 destructive EQ in the last 40 yrs
• Eastern and Northern coasts face the Pacific Ocean (Tsunami prone ocean)

Question 3

hydro-meterological content in Philipines

Answer 3

• tropical monsoon climate brings rain-bearing winds from SW
• lies within SE Asia’s typhoon belt
• high risk of storm surges, flood and landslides

Question 4

development context

Answer 4

• rapidly developing lower-middle income with large population
• rapid urbanisation has led to large unplanned informal settlements and high population densities
• 25% of population live in poverty (50% rural population live in poverty)
• high levels of deforestation and widespread corruption

Question 5

Mt Pinatubo and Typhoon Yunga 1991

Answer 5

• 2nd largest eruption of 20th century generating large pyroclastic flows and clouds of volcanic ash
• event coincided with typhoon meaning rainfall mixed with volcanic ash to create devastating lahars (more damaging than eruption)
• 847 reported dead
• 73,00 houses damaged
• economic impact @ $211million