11. Urinary cancers Flashcards
from which part of the developing kidney does RCC come from?
metanephric blastema
from which part of the developing kidney does TCC come from?
ureteric bud
explain how RCC can cause varicocele
tumour grows along L renal vein, gonadal vein cant drain properly so fluid collects in scrotum
why does RCC only cause varicocele on LHS?
on RHS, gonadal veins drains straight into IVC not renal vein first
investigations for RCC
US/CT
flexible cystoscopy
cystology
aim of palliative treatment for metastatic RCC
target angiogenesis to reduce tumour’s blood supply
why might someone with urinary cancer be pale?
anaemic due to haematuria
investigations for bladder TCC
-urinalysis (exclude UTI)
-cystoscopy
-FBC (Hb)
-U&Es (renal function)
-US
-urine culture and sensitivity
non-muscle invasive bladder TCC can be treated with intra-vesical chemo, what does this mean?
chemo directly inside bladder
risk of having TCC of upper urinary tract
40% chance of getting bladder cancer from ‘seeding’
how could patients with prostate cancer present?
-urinary symptoms e.g. urgency, frequency, nocturne
-bone pain due to sclerotic bone metastases
examination for prostate cancer , and results
DRE
-enlarged, hard, irregular prostate
differentials for prostate cancer
UTI
BPH
prostatitis
parkinson’s
urethral stricture
risk of surgery for prostate cancer
affects pudendal nerve, causing incontinence, impotence
hormone that promotes prostate tumour growth
testosterone (and its more potent form: dihydrotestosterone)
