1.1 Anatomy Flashcards
what level is the hilum?
L1
compare length of renal arteries, and renal veins
right renal artery longer, as it has to loop behind IVC
left renal vein longer, as it goes in front of aorta
2 types of nephron, and their amounts
85% cortical
15% juxtamedullary
why is juxtamedullary LoH longer?
concentrates urine by removing more water
function of bowman’s capsule
collects the fluid that exits capillaries
peritubular capillaries
surround the nephron, helping to absorb Na+/Cl-/H2O
vesa recta
-straight arterioles around LoH in juxtamedullary nephrons, then become straight veins
-reach the medulla
macula densa cells
-sense fluid composition in DCT
-affect BP
extraglomerular mesangial cells
transmit message from macula dense to granular cells
granular cells
release renin in response to macula dense cells
what prevents kidneys moving up any higher in development?
superior mesenteric artery
where do L and R gonadal veins drain into?
R- IVC
L- renal vein
how many people have >1 renal vein?
25%
sign of tumour blocking L gonadal vein
worm appearance swelling of testes, as tumour from L renal vein extends to block L gonadal vein
order the arteries supplying kidneys
-abdominal aorta
-renal artery
-segmental artery
-interlobar artery
-arcuate artery
-interlobular artery
-afferent arteriole
-glomerulus
-efferent arteriole
-peritubular capillaries/ vasa recta
order veins of kidneys
-interlobular vein
-arcuate vein
-interlobar vein
-segmental vein
-renal vein
-IVC
bony landmark for ureter ‘kink’ to bladder
ischial spine
why do ureters enter bladder at oblique angle?
to prevent urine backflow
describe the muscle of bladder
-detrusor
-thick
-rugae: distend and recoil
trigone
triangular shaped region at the base of the bladder defined by the two ureteral orifices and the internal urethral orifice.
bladder epithelium
urothelium
what does bladder rest on when empty?
pubic symphysis
bladder capacity
750ml
name the 2 sphincters of bladder
-internal urethral
-external urethral
which bladder sphincter can we control?
EUS
name the male urethra during its course down the penis
- prostatic urethra
- membranous urethra
- penile/spony urethra
