11) The End Of The Plains Indians Flashcards
When were the buffalo hunted almost to extinction
Between 1840 and 1885
There were about 13 million in 1840 and 200 In 1885
Why were the buffalo destroyed? (3 reasons)
Hunting for sport
Hunting for hides
Hunting for bones
Hunting for sport effects
Excursion trains were run to take people to shoot buffalo for fun, buffalo hunters were employed to keep the workers supplied with meat
Hunting for hides-
In 1871 high quality leather could be made from buffalo hide
Buffalo hide prices went up
Railroads could transport hides
The government:army provided the hunters with ammunition and powerful weapons
They were very effective
When was the southern hers destroyed by?
1875
When was the northern herd destroyed by
1883
What was home used for?
Buttons, fertiliser, combs, and hooves for glue
What did the destruction of buffalo mean for the Indians
They could not longer hunt for food, culture destroyed and starvation- had to rely on the whites completely
When was a reservation system introduced
1825 onwards
What were reservations for?
To keep Indians away from homesteaders and ranchers- they could still hunt and would farm
When were the Indians no longer allows to leave the reservations
In the 1860s and 70s
What were the reservations like?
Bad land that farmers didn’t want, treated very badly by the Indian agencies( housing monies stolen, food rations not good and jot medical treatment)
Destruction of culture- territorial
Series of laws spilt the Sioux up into smaller groups
Destruction of culture- political
Indians lost any power to punish members in 1885
Communal reservation lands were broken into individual plots
1887 Dawes allotment act made them self sufficient, not chief and dissolved their power
Destruction of culture - religious
All feasts, dances and ceremonies were banned, medicine men were undermined
Destruction of culture - education
Children were taken to boarding school and they were made assimilated to be Christian and have no respect for their traditional way of life
When and what was the ghost dance
1889, created by a holy man Wovoka- he said that he had a vision that if they danced the ghost dance a new work world come
Why was the ghost dance popular
People needed hope, they were starving, they thought their loved ones where going to come back
How did sitting bull die?
He was arrested outside his cabin, and scuffle broke out and an Indian police shot him dead- mayhem broke out
the battle at wounded knee- 28th/ 29th December 1890 who was involved
The seventh cavalry (revenge for LBH?) and big foot and his band
the battle at wounded knee- how many died?
146 Indians and 25 soldiers
battle at wounded knee- why was this significant
All died (freezing winter and weak, they had no energy) it was the end of the plains wars and the Indians
