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History American West > 1) The Plains Indians > Flashcards

1) The Plains Indians Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the plains like in 1840?

A

Gently rolling hills, grassland, rivers, strong winds all year round and blizzards in the winter and dry in the summer

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2
Q

The Indians way of life was

A

Nomadic, they moved north away from heat and in winter they stayed at the foothills of the Rockies

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3
Q

Where did the Indians originally come from?

A

Asia across a land bridge

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4
Q

How did they get horses?

A

Spanish invaders brought horses in the 16th century, the Indians often revolted against them and stole their horses

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5
Q

What did horses allow them to do?

A

Move quicker, hunt more easily so they could I’ve up farming and rely on hunting buffalo

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6
Q

When did Europeans bring small pox to the east

A

In 1795

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7
Q

What did guns do to the Indians?

A

Changed their warfare, they had to move into the plains if their enemies had guns

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8
Q

What did Plains Indians build tipis from?

A

From buffalo skins and other materials

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9
Q

What was good about the tipis?

A

They were very well planned and easy to dismantle and move

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10
Q

What were the men’s roles ?

A

Men had to hunt look after horses protect the band

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11
Q

What were the women’s roles

A

Look after the tipi (home) prepare food, fetch water and make clothes and other items

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12
Q

Why were children highly valued

A

They were the future of the band

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13
Q

What part did old people play?

A

They gave advice on the council and passes on oral history, helped bring up children but when they got too sick they were left behind

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14
Q

How were the Sioux organised?

A

Nation—> tribes led be Chiefs—>bands

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15
Q

What happened if an individual did wrong?

A

They would be humiliated in front of the rest of the band

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16
Q

What happened if they murdered someone

A

They were banished

17
Q

What were some of the useful items they used?

A

Travois (carry things away easily) papoose (carry baby)

18
Q

How were Chiefs appointed

A

Chosen for their skills, didn’t stay Chiefs for life, for their ability to hunt and their wisdom

19
Q

What were the councils

A

Made important decisions, only men included

20
Q

What was the warrior society

A

All men were part of it, responsible for hunting, travelling and protecting their village from attack

21
Q

How was buffalo hunted pre- horse

A

Crept up on it, sometimes dressed as wolves, and shot with arrows OR chased so that they ran over a cliff ( this was hard to get to and they may not run in the right direction)

22
Q

How were the buffalo hunted post horse?

A

They would run along side them and surround them and shoot them with bows and arrows or guns, this was dangerous and it was hard to get close to them

23
Q

What was each part of the buffalo used for? (Examples)

A 
Tanned hide:  clothes, belts, tipi covers 
Muscles: sinew, meat
Tail: decorations, fly brush, whips
Fat: soap
Bones: knives, arrow heads...
Dung: fuel
Stomach: buckets, bowls
Hooves: glue
Hair and beard: decor, headdresses
Brains: hide preps
Horns: spoons, cups 
Rawhide: clothes, containers, bags
24
Q

What did they think had a spirit

A

Everything

25
Q

Who did they believe created everything

A

wakan tanka

26
Q

Why did they think everything descended from the eagle

A

Because it was a wise and great warrior

27
Q

What were some common beliefs

A

The circle of nature (everything was a circle) reincarnation, that they were part of the earth

28
Q

What was the buffalo dance for

A

Before hunting to get luck in their hunt

29
Q

What was the sun dance for

A

To get guidance from the spirits

30
Q

What were visions

A

A way to contact the spirit world

31
Q

Where did they get their names for

A

Their visions (sitting bull, crazy horse)

32
Q

Why did tribes fight?

A

To steal horses, seek revenge, destroy enemies, gain space / status and protect their family

33
Q

Why did individuals fight?

A

Prove bravery, personal glory, enter the warrior society, gain a wife, become wealthy (horses and weapons)

34
Q

How did they prepare for war?

A

Body paint, paint horses? Wore a war shirt, had a rifle and a coup stick, lances, wore amulets and carried bows and arrows

35
Q

What was counting coup?

A

Touching the enemy to prove you were brave

36
Q

Why did they scalp the dead?

A

Show their success and bravery, also the enemy couldn’t go to the afterlife

History American West (11 decks)

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