11. Reproduction

Question 1

4 layers of ovary

Answer 1

Single layer of cuboidal germinal cells
Tunica albuginea = poorly defined connective tissue
Stroma (cortex +medulla)
Hilum of arteries, nerves, veins

Question 2

3 Ovarian ligaments

Answer 2

Broad = mesovary
Uteri-ovarian = uterus
Suspensory =pelvic wall

Question 3

Ovary cortex vs medulla

Answer 3

Cortex - primordial germ cells, spindle stroma, cells
Medulla - stromal and testosterone secreting cells

Question 4

Maturation of primordial follicles

Answer 4

Primordial follicle - cortex periphery
Primary follicle - theca differentiates + FSH stimulate secrete oestrogen
Secondary follicle - Zona pellucida develops
Mature follicle - granules a cells with fluid filled antrum
Corpus luteum - ovum discharged and follicle collapses. Theca interna secrete oestrogen + progesterone

Question 5

Fallopian tubes

Answer 5

2 simple columnar (secretory + ciliated)
2 muscle (inner circular, outer longitudinal)”
Serosa = connective tissue covered by mesothelium

Question 6

Uterus 3 layers

Answer 6

Endometrium - Deep basale and stratum spongiosum layer
Myometrium - 3 smooth muscle (inner longitudinal, middle circular, outer longitudinal)
Serosa

Question 7

Cervix

Answer 7

Endocervix - Loose fibromuscular stromatolites lined by simple columnar ciliated thrown into crypts
Ectocervix - dense smooth muscle lined by non-keratinising stratified squamous

Question 8

Cervical transformation zone

Answer 8

Squamocolumnar junction atrophies at postmenopause (prone to cancer)

Question 9

Vagina

Answer 9

Non keratinising stratified squamous
Stroma contains elastin
2 smooth muscle layer
Adventitia

Question 10

Labia Majora vs Minora

Answer 10

Majora = keratinised

Question 11

Seminiferous tubules

Answer 11

Stratified epithelium with supporting Sertoli cells (pale irregular nuclei) which produce spermatozoa to BTB

Question 12

Epididymis

Answer 12

Sperm transported to rete testis lined by cuboidal
Tall pseudostratified columnar covered in thick fibrous capsule.
Small rounded basal cells bear long stereocilia into lumen to reabsorb excess testicular fluid, phagocytoses debris and provide nutrient

Question 13

Vas deferens

Answer 13

Spiral smooth muscle 3 layers with shorter epididymis epithelial cells

Question 14

Seminal vesicles

Answer 14

Long highly coiled glands with double layer capsule of smooth muscle
Testosterone stimulates acidic, cream fluid release

Question 15

Prostate gland

Answer 15

50 branches tubular glands (mucosal, submucosa, main) embedded in smooth muscle

Question 16

Prostatic epithelium

Answer 16

Columnar acini lined by flattened basal and neuro endocrine cells covered by fibroconnective tissue capsule.
Epithelium in fold surrounded by smooth muscle

Question 17

Penile urethra

Answer 17

Pseudostratified columnar -> stratified squamous dismally
Bulbo-urethral glands discharge watery galactose

Question 18

Penis

Answer 18

2 corpus cavernosa, 1 corpus spongiosum binder by tunica albuginea collagen.
Large blood vessels

Question 19

Sperm cell differentiation

Answer 19

Spermatogonia -> primary spermatocyte -> secondary spermatocyte -> spermatic -> spermatozoon
(Medially into lumen)