1.1 Physical, emotional and social health, fitness and well-being Flashcards
What are the benefits of increased fitness on our physical health?
Improved cardiovascular fitness Improved body composition Improved muscular strength Improved muscular endurance Fight off illness more effectively
Explain how improved cardiovascular fitness improves physical health
Reduces resting heart rate and blood pressure. This then reduces the chance of coronary heart disease (CHD)
Explain how improved body composition can improves physical health
For people who were overweight and lose weight, in particular body fat, this reduces their chances of having type 2 diabetes, reduces blood pressure, in turn reducing the risk of CHD
Explain how improved muscular strength and endurance can improve physical health
Strength training and weight bearing exercises not only improve muscular strength but increase bone density. This decreased the risk of osteoporosis
What are the benefits of physical activity on our emotional health?
Make the person feel good Relieve stress and tension Increase self esteem and confidence Enjoyment For an emotional and physical challenge Aesthetic appreciation
Explain how physical activity can make a person feel good?
Exercises causes the hormone seretonin to be released. This is the ‘feel good’ hormone and makes the person feel better.
Regular exercise can also improve body shape making the person feel better about themselves.
Explain how physical activity can help relieve stress and tension
Provide a distraction from the problems of daily life such as work or school.
Explain how physical activity can increase self esteem and confidence
Overcoming a physical challenge giving a sense of achievement so gain confidence.
Comments and support from team mates
Explain how physical activity can lead to enjoyment
Most people exercise and play sport because they want to because they enjoy it.
It is more likely you will enjoy physical activity if you have chosen to do it.
Explain how physical activity can provide an emotional challenge
Many sporting activities and events such as running a marathon provide the person with an emotional challenge. They have to motivate themselves to train hard.
Give an example of an event that is both an emotional and physical challenge
Running a marathon
Explain how physical activity can result in aesthetic appreciation
Moments in sport are sometimes considered beautiful. This maybe obvious such as a floor routine in gymnastic or less obvious like a smash in badminton.
What is aesthetic appreciation?
Enjoying something because it is pleasing to look at
Who is most likely to experience aesthetic appreciation?
Spectators
What are the benefits of physical activity on our social health?
Co-operation
Developing friendships and social mixing
Gaining a good attitude to competition
Explain how physical activity develops co-operation
Many sports are played in teams. For the team to be successful they must co-operate to achieve a common goal. Players have to support and encourage one another
Explain how physical activity develops friendships and social mixing
Most people take part in sport as part of a club. This means involvement with other people (players, coaches, officials). As part of the club/team people make friends. Often there are social events for members of the club.
Explain how physical activity develops a good attitude to competition
When competing against another team or player you learn respect. You learn to respect your opponent and cope with winning and losing graciously
Define fitness
The ability to meet the demands of the environment
Define well-being
The state of being comfortable, healthy or happy
Give 4 positive effects of fitness on well-being
Helps you cope with the physical side of like
Moderate to high intensity exercise improve longevity
Lowers risk of psychological illness
Lowers risk of eating problems
Makes you less likely to use drugs or smoke
Means you are less likely to be off work with sickness
Gives you a lower resting heart rate and blood pressure
Can help weight control
Gives you stronger bones
Improves body composition
Give 4 negative effects of fitness on well-being
Puts you at risk of sport related injury
Time of to recover from injury can lead to psychological problems
Competition pressure can lead to emotional issues
Early specialisation in one sport can reduce other opportunities
Stresses and needs of a particular sport can lead to long term health problems
Can lead to obsessive interest in body shape or composition
What is a PEP?
A training programme to improve personal fitness
What does PEP stand for?
Personal exercise programme
What is the purpose of a PEP?
To improve a specific component of fitness
About from physical activity training sessions, what else might a PEP include?
Diet plan
Rest time
Why is it important to be able to evaluate a PEP?
To establish if it is effective and if it isn’t effective to know how to alter it
What are the different lifestyle choices that must be considered?
Diet
Activity levels
Work/rest/sleep balance
Recreational drugs - smoking and alcohol
Explain why diet is important
Provides the body with the energy it needs
Provides the nutrients to keep the body healthy
What is the main difference between the diet of a very active person and a not very active person?
The more active person will need to consume more calories
Explain the lifestyle factor ‘ activity levels’
People exercise different amounts. Some people do lots of exercise, others very little.
Give three different reasons people may not have appropriate activity levels
Not enough time
Not enough money
Lack of facilities
Why is it important to have appropriate activity levels?
Helps to maintain physical, emotional and social health
Give an example of a sport or activity which will not improve social health?
Running on your own
Cycling on your own
Swimming on your own
Why is the lifestyle factor work/rest/sleep balance important?
Exercise should help you sleep better.
Sleep allows your body to recover
Rest is important as it allows for adaptations to take place
Name the two recreational drugs that need to be considered when discussing lifestyle factors
Alcohol
Nicotine found in cigarettes
Is nicotine a stimulant or a depressant?
Stimulant
Is alcohol a stimulant or a depressant?
Depressant
What is a depressant?
A substance that lowers the level of physiological or nervous activity in the body
What is a stimulant?
A substance that raises the level of physiological or nervous activity in the body
Why is alcohol banned in some sports?
It could be used as a sedative
Give three sports where alcohol is banned
Shooting
Motor sports
Archery
What are the negative effects of smoking?
Reduced lung capacity/shortness of breath
Heart disease
Increased blood pressure
Bronchitis and lung disease
High risk of death during medical operations
Explain how smoking reduces lung capacity and shortness of breath
Smoking damages the alveoli, it makes them less stretchy and less efficient. This makes it more difficult to get oxygen into the blood stream and carbon dioxide out. As a result smokers often become short of breath
Explain how smoking increases the risk of heart disease
Smoking lowers the levels of HDL (good cholesterol). This increases the tendency for the blood to clot. This can lead to a heart attack or a stroke.
Explain how smoking increases the risk of CHD (coronary heart disease)
Smoking damages the cardiovascular system, in particular the heart, oxygen carrying capacity of the blood and blood vessels.
Explain how smoking increases blood pressure.
The nicotine in cigarettes releases adrenaline. When adrenaline is released it triggers the heart to beat faster, this in turn increases blood pressure.
Explain how smoking increases the risk of bronchitis
Smoking causes the lining of your bronchial tubes to become inflamed. This means less air can pass through the tubes, causing shortness of breath.
What is passive smoking?
Inhaling the smoke another person has exhaled whilst smoking
What is bronchitis?
Inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes
Give the negative effects of drinking alcohol
Affect the way your brain works - harder to think clearly
Damage heart and circulatory system
Lead to liver damage such as cirrhosis
Cause pancreas to produce toxic substances
Increase the risk of some cancers
Weaken your immune system
