1.1 - Introduction to Human Development Flashcards
Which conceptual model of human development focuses on the primacy of human experience as shapers of behavior and wiring of the human brain?
Psychodynamic Model
Which conceptual model focuses on understanding the structures and functions of man?
Biological Model
It refers to a state of abnormality with the structures and functions of the body.
Disease
It refers to a state of abnormality in the functions of the mind.
Disorder
Which conceptual model posits that health can be understood by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors?
Biopsychosocial model
This model of human development emphasizes on the influences of culture and relationships on man.
Socio-cultural model
True or False: Basic human needs are relative.
False. Basic human needs are universal.
It is the transferring of past feelings, experiences, and memories to the present.
Transference
Which of the 3As is provided to the developing child conditionally?
Approval
What 3As are part of the basic needs of children?
Affection, acceptance, and approval
What 2Ds are part of the basic needs of children?
Discipline and demand
Which unit of society is most capable of providing a child’s basic needs?
Family
Which Freudian stage of psychosexual development is marked by the conflict of autonomy vs. shame?
Anal stage
It is the first stage in Freud’s stages of psychosexual development, occuring from 0-1.5 years.
Oral stage
What conflict characterizes the phallic stage of psychosexual development?
Initiative vs. Guilt
At what age does the infant learn to recognize the human face?
Three months
At the age does the infant learn to display selective attachment and stranger anxiety?
6-8 months
Which stage of development is marked by active exploration and clearer evidence of emotions?
Toddler (1.5-3 years)
A teddy bear that provides psychological comfort when the primary caregiver is away is an example of _______________.
Transitional object
It refers to the attribution of causal relationships between thoughts, actions, or events that occurs during the toddler stage of development.
Magical thinking
It is the biologically determined tendency of a young child to seek proximity to the parent in times of stress.
Attachment
True or False: At 2-7 months, a child learns to display discriminating sociability according to Bowlby’s phases of attachment development.
True.
When babies are attuned to their mothers and vice versa, they exhibit a __________ type of attachment.
Secure
Overstimulating or understimulating mothers may cause their babies to develop a ____________ type of attachment.
Insecure
Which stage of human development is characterized by remarkable physical and emotional growth, language development, and increased awareness of body parts?
Pre-school age/Phallic
It is the process of formation of values that results from identifying with the values of parents, occuring during the pre-school age.
Superego formation
Which stage of development is characterized by a triangulated relationship with parents?
Pre-school age
What conflict arises during the preschool age?
Initiative vs. Guilt
At this stage of human development, a child loses his ascribed role at home and must seek to achieve a new role or status.
School age/Latency
At what age does our brain reach its adult volume?
11 years
During this stage, same-sex grouping becomes polarized, and the opposite gender is often avoided or teased.
School age
True or False: Identity vs. Role Diffusion is the basic conflict during school age.
False. Industry vs. Inferiority is the primary conflict during school age.
It is the awkward period between the onset of sexual maturation and attaining adult status in society.
Adolescence
True or False: Puberty is the psychological state of mind that occurs from 10-21 years of age.
False. Puberty refers to physical changes brought about by intense hormonal secretions during sexual maturation. Adolescence is the psychological state of mind at this point in development.
Puberty results from the activation of which anatomical structure?
Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis
It is the extensive loss of cortical synapses during puberty.
Synaptic pruning
True or False: Pruning of serotonin neurons increases impulsivity.
True.
Which part of the brain is the seat of executive functions such as planning, judgment, decision-making, and memory?
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)
True or False: The limbic system and the cerebellum constitutes the midbrain reward system.
False. The ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens make up the midbrain reward system.
At what phase of adolescence (early, middle, or late) do parents feel alienated due to the adolescent’s heightened need for privacy?
Early adolescence (12-14 years)
During ________ adolescence, loyalty to peers and identification with a subculture becomes an obsession.
Middle (14-17 years)
What conflict is manifested during adolescence?
Identity vs. Role Diffusion
At this stage, the adolescent’s friendships begin to be marked by shared interests and less by group identity.
Late adolescence
What basic conflict manifests during early adulthood?
Intimacy vs. Isolation
This is stage is marked by the prime of one’s life or career.
Middle adulthood (40-65 years)
Generativity vs. Stagnation is a conflict seen during ___________.
Middle adulthood
What conflict is present during late adulthood?
Integrity vs. Despair
This stage of human development is marked by recapitulation, reflection, and a wish to contribute.
Late adulthood
Which stage of adult life is marked by the empty nest syndrome?
Middle adulthood
During this stage, people assume major social roles and explore options for occupation, marriage, or alternative relationships.
Early adulthood (21-39 years)
