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Principles And Perspectives > 1.1 - Introduction to Human Development > Flashcards

1.1 - Introduction to Human Development Flashcards

0
Q

Which conceptual model of human development focuses on the primacy of human experience as shapers of behavior and wiring of the human brain?

A

Psychodynamic Model

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1
Q

Which conceptual model focuses on understanding the structures and functions of man?

A

Biological Model

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2
Q

It refers to a state of abnormality with the structures and functions of the body.

A

Disease

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3
Q

It refers to a state of abnormality in the functions of the mind.

A

Disorder

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4
Q

Which conceptual model posits that health can be understood by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors?

A

Biopsychosocial model

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5
Q

This model of human development emphasizes on the influences of culture and relationships on man.

A

Socio-cultural model

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6
Q

True or False: Basic human needs are relative.

A

False. Basic human needs are universal.

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7
Q

It is the transferring of past feelings, experiences, and memories to the present.

A

Transference

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8
Q

Which of the 3As is provided to the developing child conditionally?

A

Approval

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9
Q

What 3As are part of the basic needs of children?

A

Affection, acceptance, and approval

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10
Q

What 2Ds are part of the basic needs of children?

A

Discipline and demand

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11
Q

Which unit of society is most capable of providing a child’s basic needs?

A

Family

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12
Q

Which Freudian stage of psychosexual development is marked by the conflict of autonomy vs. shame?

A

Anal stage

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13
Q

It is the first stage in Freud’s stages of psychosexual development, occuring from 0-1.5 years.

A

Oral stage

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14
Q

What conflict characterizes the phallic stage of psychosexual development?

A

Initiative vs. Guilt

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15
Q

At what age does the infant learn to recognize the human face?

A

Three months

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16
Q

At the age does the infant learn to display selective attachment and stranger anxiety?

A

6-8 months

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17
Q

Which stage of development is marked by active exploration and clearer evidence of emotions?

A

Toddler (1.5-3 years)

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18
Q

A teddy bear that provides psychological comfort when the primary caregiver is away is an example of _______________.

A

Transitional object

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19
Q

It refers to the attribution of causal relationships between thoughts, actions, or events that occurs during the toddler stage of development.

A

Magical thinking

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20
Q

It is the biologically determined tendency of a young child to seek proximity to the parent in times of stress.

A

Attachment

21
Q

True or False: At 2-7 months, a child learns to display discriminating sociability according to Bowlby’s phases of attachment development.

A

True.

22
Q

When babies are attuned to their mothers and vice versa, they exhibit a __________ type of attachment.

A

Secure

23
Q

Overstimulating or understimulating mothers may cause their babies to develop a ____________ type of attachment.

A

Insecure

24
Q

Which stage of human development is characterized by remarkable physical and emotional growth, language development, and increased awareness of body parts?

A

Pre-school age/Phallic

25
Q

It is the process of formation of values that results from identifying with the values of parents, occuring during the pre-school age.

A

Superego formation

26
Q

Which stage of development is characterized by a triangulated relationship with parents?

A

Pre-school age

27
Q

What conflict arises during the preschool age?

A

Initiative vs. Guilt

28
Q

At this stage of human development, a child loses his ascribed role at home and must seek to achieve a new role or status.

A

School age/Latency

29
Q

At what age does our brain reach its adult volume?

A

11 years

30
Q

During this stage, same-sex grouping becomes polarized, and the opposite gender is often avoided or teased.

A

School age

31
Q

True or False: Identity vs. Role Diffusion is the basic conflict during school age.

A

False. Industry vs. Inferiority is the primary conflict during school age.

32
Q

It is the awkward period between the onset of sexual maturation and attaining adult status in society.

A

Adolescence

33
Q

True or False: Puberty is the psychological state of mind that occurs from 10-21 years of age.

A

False. Puberty refers to physical changes brought about by intense hormonal secretions during sexual maturation. Adolescence is the psychological state of mind at this point in development.

34
Q

Puberty results from the activation of which anatomical structure?

A

Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis

35
Q

It is the extensive loss of cortical synapses during puberty.

A

Synaptic pruning

36
Q

True or False: Pruning of serotonin neurons increases impulsivity.

A

True.

37
Q

Which part of the brain is the seat of executive functions such as planning, judgment, decision-making, and memory?

A

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)

38
Q

True or False: The limbic system and the cerebellum constitutes the midbrain reward system.

A

False. The ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens make up the midbrain reward system.

39
Q

At what phase of adolescence (early, middle, or late) do parents feel alienated due to the adolescent’s heightened need for privacy?

A

Early adolescence (12-14 years)

40
Q

During ________ adolescence, loyalty to peers and identification with a subculture becomes an obsession.

A

Middle (14-17 years)

41
Q

What conflict is manifested during adolescence?

A

Identity vs. Role Diffusion

42
Q

At this stage, the adolescent’s friendships begin to be marked by shared interests and less by group identity.

A

Late adolescence

43
Q

What basic conflict manifests during early adulthood?

A

Intimacy vs. Isolation

44
Q

This is stage is marked by the prime of one’s life or career.

A

Middle adulthood (40-65 years)

45
Q

Generativity vs. Stagnation is a conflict seen during ___________.

A

Middle adulthood

46
Q

What conflict is present during late adulthood?

A

Integrity vs. Despair

47
Q

This stage of human development is marked by recapitulation, reflection, and a wish to contribute.

A

Late adulthood

48
Q

Which stage of adult life is marked by the empty nest syndrome?

A

Middle adulthood

49
Q

During this stage, people assume major social roles and explore options for occupation, marriage, or alternative relationships.

A

Early adulthood (21-39 years)

Principles And Perspectives (15 decks)

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