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FCOM NG System Description > 11. Flight Management, Navigation > Flashcards

11. Flight Management, Navigation Flashcards

1
Q

IRS Mode Selector OFF

A
  • All electrical power is removed from the system after a 30s shutdown cycle,
  • ALIGN light illuminates during this period
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2
Q

IRS ON DC Light

A
  • Related IRS is operating on DC power from the Switched Hot Battery Bus (AC power not normal),
  • On the ground horn in the nose wheel sounds,
  • Momentary illumination is normal during alignment self test
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3
Q

IRS DC FAIL Light

A
  • DC power for the related IRS is not normal,
  • If the other lights are extinguished, the IRS is operating normally on AC power
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4
Q

ADF Panel ADF/ANT and TONE Switches

A
  • ADF: Bearing sent to instruments and audio reception is possible,
  • ANT: Bearing not sent but audio reception optimized,
  • TONE: Adds tone to the selected ADF receiver audio
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5
Q

PFD Marker Beacon FT Light

A

Flight Test

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6
Q

VHF NAV Panel Test

A

With VOR tuned and course of 000 selected:
- Shows VOR Flag,
- Deviation bar biases out of view then turns to centered position,
- Bearing pointer slews to 180 degrees,
- DME: Flag, dashes and normal DME distance shown

With ILS tuned and Course is 90 degrees within airplane heading:
- Pointers disappear and LOC & G/S Flags appear,
- Pointers appear and display one dot up / one dot left then vice versa,
- Pointers return to normal,
- DME: Flag, dashes and normal DME distance shown

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7
Q

Weather Radar Turbulence

A
  • Maximum range is 40NM,
  • Detects horizontal flow of precipitation with velocities of 5 or more MPS,
  • Shows this areas as heavy turbulence in magenta
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8
Q

FMS and Components

A

Flight Management System comprised of:
- Flight Management Computer System (FMCS),
- Autopilot/Flight Director System (AFDS),
- Autothrottle (A/T),
- Inertial Reference System (IRS),
- Global Positioning System (GPS)

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9
Q

FMC Position Source Priority

A
  • One of the GPS as the primary update,
  • Radio updating can also occur,
  • If all GPS data becomes unavailable, Radio or IRS updating used
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10
Q

Inertial Reference System and Its Outputs

A
  • 2 IRS installed, which has 3 sets of laser gyros and accelerometers,
  • IRSs are airplane’s sole source of Attitude and Heading information (except Standby Instruments),
  • They provide
    1-) Attitude,
    2-) True and Magnetic Heading,
    3-) Acceleration,
    4-) Vertical Speed,
    5-) Groundspeed,
    6-) Track,
    7-) Present Position,
    8-) Wind Data
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11
Q

VERIFY POSITION

A
  • Scratchpad message regarding the IRS,
  • Displays when entered position is not within 4NM of the origin airport
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12
Q

IRS Position Entry Error

A
  • If entered Latitude/Longitude position does not pass the internal comparison tests,
  • ENTER IRS POSITION scratchpad message is displayed and ALIGN light flashes,
  • If the same position reentered, the IRS will accept the position and continue alignment process,
  • Second test compares the entered latitude with system computed latitude,
  • If the test fails ALIGN light flash again,
  • If 2 consecutive entries of the same position do not pass the second internal test, FAULT light illuminates
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13
Q

IRS Fast Realignment

A
  • Takes 30s,
  • Zeroes Ground Speed error,
  • If airplane is moved during alignment, full alignment begins automatically
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14
Q

IRS Inflight Realignment

A
  • Attitude and Magnetic heading only,
  • Attitude requires: 30s straight and level flight,
  • Some attitude errors may occur during acceleration, but will be slowly removed after acceleration stops,
  • For heading, crew must manually enter the initial magnetic heading,
  • Drift up to 15 degrees per hour can occur in the IRS heading
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15
Q

IRS Power Source

A
  • Left IRS normally powered by AC Standby Bus,
  • Right IRS normally powered by AC Transfer Bus 2,
  • If AC power lost either or both systems powered by Switched Hot Battery Bus,
  • Backup DC power to right IRS terminated if AC power is not restored within 5 minutes,
  • Initial power-up requires Battery Bus power
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16
Q

FMS LOC Updating

A

Only occurs after the ILS is manually tuned

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17
Q

FMS DME Updating

A
  • 2 different DME or VOR/DME pair signals provide accurate Radio Geographical Position,
  • FMC autotunes DME receivers,
  • Specific DME stations can be entered and inhibited on NAV OPTIONS page 2/2
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18
Q

ATC Transponder

A
  • Transmissions are automatically enabled when air/ground indicates Air
  • If installed ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast) data is downlinked to ATC,
  • GPS provides position data to ADS-B,
  • Altitude reporting and may also transmit: Flight #, Airpeed or GS, Magnetic Heading, GPS position etc.
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19
Q

Weather Radar Windshear Alert Envelope

A

Some aircrafts:
- Below 1200FT RA,
- On the ground and inflight below 2300FT RA radar sweep limited to 120 degrees

RDR-4000:
- 10-60s warning before encounter,
- Operates automatically below 1800FT AGL,
- Alerts available below 1200FT AGL

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20
Q

RDR-4000 Operation

A
  • Multiple radar scans at pre-selected tilt angles detect short, mid and long range weather,
  • This results in weather detection at all ranges and in all phases of flight,
  • Additional processing provides TS tops within 5000FT of airplane remain displayed,
  • Secondary weather shown with black striped through it,
  • Nominal flight path weather envelope is +/- 4000FT,
  • At cruise envelope floor is 25000FT MSL,
  • On the ground and during departure/approach envelope ceiling fixed at 10000FT MSL
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21
Q

FMC Using IRS Position Only

A
  • FMC applies automatic correction to the IRS position,
  • This factor is developed by the FMC’s monitoring IRS performance during normal operation
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22
Q

CDU Entry Caution

A

Simultaneous entries should be avoided

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23
Q

FMC Flight Phases

A
  • T/O: From TOGA to Thrust Reduction Altitude,
  • CLIMB: Thrust Reduction Altitude to T/C (as entered on the PERF INIT),
  • CRUISE: T/C to T/D
  • DESCENT: T/D to Approach Phase
  • APPROACH: 2NM before first waypoint of Approach or Approach Transition (ARRIVALS) or 2000FT, whichever occurs first
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24
Q

FMC Position Update Priority

A
  • GPS,
  • 2 or more DMEs,
  • Co-located VOR and DME,
  • Co-located Localizer and DME,
  • 1 Localizer
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25
Q

TOGA Update

A
  • If GPS UPDATE is OFF, the FMC updates position to the takeoff runway threshold,
  • If GPS UPDATE is ON with valid GPS reception, TOGA update inhibited
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26
Q

ANP and VANP

A
  • (Vertical) Actual Navigation Performance,
  • FMC is 95% certain that actual lateral position lies within a ANP value radius,
  • FMC is 99.7% certain that actual vertical position lies +/- VANP value
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27
Q

RNP and Alert Times

A
  • En-route: 2NM / 30s,
  • Terminal 1NM / 10s,
  • Approach: 0.3NM / 10s
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28
Q

Default VRNP Value

A

400FT

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29
Q

Procedure Fix Waypoint Prefixes

A
  • FA: VFR Final Approach Fix,
  • CF: Final Approach Course Fix,
  • IF: Initial Approach Fix,
  • MD: Minimum Descent Altitude
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30
Q

Cost Index 0

A

FMC uses Maximum Range Cruise Speed

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31
Q

Automatic Change of VNAV SPD to VNAV PTH

A
  • When VNAV Path is intercepted or,
  • When started to fly a Vertical Angle Leg
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32
Q

T/D While Holding

A

EXIT HOLD executed and:
- If T/D does occur in the holding pattern, entire pattern will be flown,
- If not, inbound leg will be generated immediately

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33
Q

VNAV Airspeed Restriction Altitude

A

VNAV does not permit descent below until the airspeed is within 10KT

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34
Q

VNAV Path Final Speed Assumption

A
  • Assumes Vref 40 + 20KT,
  • At FAF or Glideslope intercept point
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35
Q

VNAV Overspeed Protection

A
  • When passing T/D and using high target speed within 6KT of Vmo/Mmo,
  • VNAV may revert to VNAV SPD
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36
Q

VNAV PTH, FMC SPD Wake Up

A

If the actual speed is 5-15KT (programmable) less than target speed

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37
Q

VNAV PTH Descent Start

A
  • Must be initiated while within the allowable cross-track error,
  • Once started, will remain regardless of cross-track,
  • Except on a Vertical Angle Leg and cross track exceeds twice the RNP, while LNAV not engaged
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38
Q

FMC Approach Mode Differences

A
  • If MCP altitude set at least 300FT above the current altitude, VNAV PTH remains,
  • If 200FT below vertical path, VNAV commands zero V/S until path interception
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39
Q

Exiting FMC Approach Mode

A
  • Selecting TOGA,
  • Airplane lands,
  • Waypoint cycles to the first waypoint of missed approach,
  • Executing direct-to waypoint in the missed approach
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40
Q

Speed Intervention and FMA

A
  • With Flaps extended it remains in VNAV PTH,
  • With Flaps Up and on idle or non-idle leg, changes to VNAV SPD,
  • While Vertical Angle Leg is active, remains in VNAV PTH
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41
Q

FMC Go Around Logic Entry

A

Change to this logic occurs when < 2000FT RA and:
- Pushing either TOGA switch while in descent,
- Executing direct-to in the missed approach (other than MAPt),
- Waypoint cycles to the first waypoint of missed approach,
- Airplane climbs with 600FPM or greater and Flaps retracted to 15 or 1

42
Q

FMC Go Around Logic Differences

A
  • Thrust limit changes to go-around thrust,
  • All descent constraint below current altitude are deleted,
  • Original Destination airport becomes new Origin airport allowing SID selection
43
Q

Go Around Cruise Altitude

A

Highest of:
- Highest constraint in the missed approach,
- 1500FT AAL,
- MCP altitude
- If the MCP is the lowest of three, the A/P, if engaged, will level off at the MCP altitude

44
Q

Driftdown Execution

A
  • Select ENG OUT on CRZ page,
  • Disengage A/T,
  • Set CON thrust on operating engine,
  • Set MCP speed to ENG OUT SPD,
  • Set MCP altitude to MAX ALT or lower as required,
  • Select LVL CHG
45
Q

Engine Out Cruise Speed

A
  • FMC Operates like normal cruise,
  • If range is a factor, determine Engine Inoperative speed from the QRH
46
Q

Altitude Entry

A
  • 4 digits used,
  • For lower values enter as: 50FT / 0050, 835FT / 0835 etc
47
Q

FMC Databases

A

Performance Data Base:
- Includes: Airplane drag and engine characteristics,
- Maximum and optimum altitudes,
- Maximum and minimum speeds,
- Maintenance personnel can refine the database

Navigation Database

48
Q

FMC Supplemental and Temporary Storage Capacity

A
  • Tempo and Supp shares 40 Navaids and 6 Airports,
  • Tempo and Supp shares 20 Waypoints,
  • Those are first come first served basis,
  • Additional exclusive storage of 20 Waypoints in Tempo
49
Q

FMC Navigation Database Validity

A
  • Contains 2 sets of navigation data,
  • Each valid for 28 days,
  • Each set corresponds to the normal navigation chart revision cycle
50
Q

Derated Takeoff Caution

A
  • Thrust setting is considered a limitation for T/O,
  • Thrust levers should not be advanced further except in an emergency,
  • Increasing thrust following an engine failure could result in a loss of directional control on the ground
51
Q

Maximum Assumed Temperature Percentage

A

25%

52
Q

Derated Thrust Climb Values

A
  • CLB-1: 3% N1 / 10% Thrust,
  • CLB-2: 6% N1 / 20% Thrust,
  • Both gradually increase to full rated climb thrust by 15000FT,
  • Derate and Assumed Temperature affects FMC calculation of CLB
53
Q

Derated Climb Thrust Pros and Cons

A
  • Reduces engine maintenance costs,
  • Increases total trip fuel
54
Q

VERIFY GW AND FUEL Message

A
  • Displayed on scratchpad,
  • Indicates Total Fuel Quantity data is invalid,
  • PERF INIT / FUEL line changes dashes,
  • FMC uses the last valid fuel quantity for performance and VNAV operations,
  • Periodic fuel weight entry required (FMC doesn’t update) for the remainder of flight by flight crew,
  • Message will be displayed every 30 minutes if no entry has been made,
  • Message won’t show up during descent with Vref selected
55
Q

CHECK FMC FUEL QUANTITY Message

A
  • Displayed on scratchpad,
  • Indicates an unexpected drop in fuel quantity
56
Q

USING RESERVE FUEL & INSUFFICIENT FUEL

A
  • Displayed on scratchpad,
  • USING RSV FUEL: Arrival estimate is less than PERF INIT reserve value,
  • INSUFFICIENT FUEL: Arrival estimate is 900KG or less
57
Q

Loss of FMC Electrical Power

A

If less than 10s:
- LNAV & VNAV disengage,
- All data retained,
- FMC resumes normal operation when power is restored

If 10s or more:
- On the ground all entries must be done again,
- Inflight LNAV & VNAV disengage,
- All data retained but when power is restored,
- RTE LEGS page displayed with a scratchpad message SELECT ACTIVE WPT/LEG

58
Q

FMC Failure

A
  • If system inputs to the FMC fails, affected CDU blanked to prevent the display of misleading information,
  • FMC alert light and FMC message light illuminates,
  • VTK displayed on failed side,
  • LNAV & VNAV disengages if failed side A/P is engaged,
  • After 25-30s related ND displays failure information

If right FMC fails:
- SINGLE FMC OPERATION message displayed on both scratchpads

If left FMC fails:
- FMC/CDU FAIL light appears on both CDUs,
- Both CDUs display failure modes (or MENU in some aircrafts),
- Limited FMC operation may be continued (no changes on the CDU),
- Full operation restored by the FMC source select switch to BOTH ON R

Dual FMC failure:
- Same as left FMC failure except no FMC operation is possible

59
Q

FMC Software Exception Handling Logic

A
  • Software exception is the disruption in the normal flow execution (i.e. unsolvable map calculation),
  • Logic prevents complete FMC restart for most exceptions,
  • If performance data (CI) entered and executed, exception will result in a downgrade of FMC operation,
  • If exception is related to the ACT PLAN, VNAV INVALID - PERF message is shown and VNAV disengages until CI entry
  • If exception is related to the MOD/INACTIVE PLAN, INVALID MOD/INACTIVE PLAN message is shown and MOD/INACTIVE PLAN is deleted but LNAV & VNAV remain engaged
60
Q

FMC Downgrade Mode

A
  • LNAV and Map are retained,
  • FMC Predictions are halted,
  • VNAV is disconnected
61
Q

Fleet CPDLC Equipment

A
  • Primarily Honeywell Mark II+ CMU PM,
  • Some aircraft are equipped with Boeing System
62
Q

ADS-C

A
  • Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Contract,
  • FMC can simultaneously receive requests from 5 ATC centers and 1 airline center,
  • Functions include: Periodic, Event and On-demand reporting
63
Q

Same Type ATC Request Messages

A

When sent a message sent:
- It begins a dialogue which inhibits creating any other request messages of that type,
- Until the dialogue is completed

64
Q

ATC Message Response Time (Pending)

A
  • Requires a response from Flight Crew within 100s,
  • If STANDBY selected as a response, it will restart 100s
65
Q

ATC CONDITIONAL CLEARANCE

A
  • Uplinked clearances monitored by the system,
  • Uplinks contain conditional: Location, Altitude or Time,
  • System is able to handle up to 3 accepted conditional clearances,
  • If clearance executed early, “CLEARANCE CONDITION NOT MET” displayed on scratchpad
66
Q

FMC Minimum Preflight Data Entry Requirements

A
  • Inertial position,
  • Origin, Destination and a route leg must be entered and executed,
  • For performance: Airplane weight and Cruising Altitude
67
Q

POS REF 2/3 Groundspeed Values

A

Displayed for FMC and each IRS

68
Q

Quick Delete of the Route

A

Entry of a new origin erases the previous route

69
Q

PLAN/FUEL Entry

A
  • Shown in PERF INIT page 1/2,
  • Entry is blanked with flaps extended or in flight
70
Q

COST INDEX

A
  • Reflects the relative impacts on Overall Trip Cost of Fuel,
  • As compared to other direct Hourly Operating Costs,
  • Value range is 0-500,
  • 0 causes ECON speed to be MAX RANGE; 500 results in a Minimum Time Flight
71
Q

TRIP/CRZ ALT

A
  • Shown in PERF INIT page 1/2,
  • Trip Altitude is the predicted Minimum Cost Altitude,
  • Determined by operator constraints
72
Q

ISA DEV

A
  • Shown in PERF INIT page 1/2,
  • After 5000FT AAL, FMC calculates actual ISA deviation from actual SAT,
  • Then projects it up to the MAX and OPT altitude solutions,
  • If T/C OAT or ISA DEV entered, it is used for preflight planning forecast of MAX/OPT altitude
73
Q

TIME ERROR TOLERANCE

A
  • Shown in the PERF LIMITS page,
  • Entry range between 5-30s,
  • Default value is 30s
74
Q

MIN SPD/MAX SPD

A
  • Shown in the PERF LIMITS page,
  • Limits both RTA and ECON modes in flight
75
Q

SEL/OAT

A
  • Shown in the N1 LIMIT page,
  • SEL Maximum allowable entry is 70,
  • However FMC will limit the N1 to 25% takeoff reduction
76
Q

VERIFY TAKEOFF SPEEDS

A

Scratchpad message shown if any of the following changed after V speeds are entered:
- Gross Weight,
- Zero Fuel Weight,
- Plan Fuel

77
Q

How to Remove TO SHIFT

A

Reselect RWY on the RTE page

78
Q

LNAV Armed to Engage During TO

A

At 50FT RA

79
Q

VNAV OEI Takeoff

A
  • Below OEI Acceleration height, FMC calculates and issues a speed between V2 and V2 + 20KT,
  • This speed will continue to be updated until an engine failure is detected,
  • After OEI Acceleration Height or VNAV level off, VNAV target speed will be Vref + 70KT,
  • VNAV keeps Vref + 70KT until ALL ENG promt is selected
80
Q

FMC Engine-Out Mode

A
  • Engine out speeds are available if an engine fails on Takeoff after 60KT,
  • Mode canceled when Groundspeed < 60KT,
  • Predictions are blanked (Route, ETA and TOC Data),
  • All Engine Acceleration and Thrust Reduction Heights ignored
81
Q

ENTER EO CRZ SPD AND ALT

A

When the Engine-Out operation is terminated due to:
- When reaching cruise altitude or,
- ALL ENGINE prompt depressed by a pilot

82
Q

MCP V2 Setting

A
  • Cannot be changed after 60KT,
  • FMC calculates climb speed of V2 + 20KT until acceleration height
83
Q

XXX LIM CLIMB Page

A

XXX speed based on Leading or Trailing Edge Flaps limit

84
Q

EO MAX ALT

A
  • Company specified Rate of Climb (default 100FPM) achieved using one engine at CON,
  • FMC accounts for wing/engine anti-ice, Air Conditioning and Engine Bleed of the operating engine
85
Q

Bypass Notification

A
  • Displayed when a normal turn cannot capture the leg into a waypoint,
  • Triple bypass condition creates a Route Discontinuity
86
Q

Abeam Waypoint Creation Inhibits

A
  • For floating waypoints,
  • If the abeam distance > 700NM,
  • If the abeam waypoint is 10NM within the present position or direct-to waypoint,
  • For 2 or more waypoints within 1NM, only 1 will be designated
87
Q

Abeam Waypoint Wind Values

A

If the corresponding abeam distance < 100NM, wind values are carried

88
Q

How to Access Supplemental NDB

A
  • Writing SUPP on the scratchpad,
  • Selecting NAV DATA on the INIT/REF page,
  • Only accessible on the ground,
  • DELETE ALL SUPP DATA prompt is only available before Origin Airport entry
89
Q

NAV STATUS VOR/ILS and DME Lines

A
  • Used: Large font and highlighted,
  • Received but not used: Large font only,
  • Tuned but not received: Small font
90
Q

E/D After a Discontinuity

A

FMC will contruct a Great Circle path and VNAV is available

91
Q

RWY EXT and FPA Entry Values

A
  • RWY EXT: With .1NM resolution between 1-25NM,
  • FPA: Default 3. 2.0-5.5 degrees can be entered,
  • Dashes (-.–) on the DEP/ARR page when default is used
92
Q

Maximum Hold Pattern Number in RTE LEGS

A

5

93
Q

GPS Loss and ADS-B

A

Select the operational GPS side for Transponder

94
Q

NO VNAV AFTER XXXXX

A
  • An altitude restriction violated,
  • NDB vertical angle is violated,
  • Message diplayed 1 minute before violation,
  • Re-enter CI (new or old) and execute then re-engage VNAV
95
Q

OVERSPEED DISCONNECT

A
  • During PTH descent,
  • Above or below Speed Restriction Altitude,
  • Airspeed exceeds FMC Speed Restriction by 15KT
96
Q

TAKEOFF SPEEDS DELETED

A

Changing:
- Runway data,
- Thrust selection,
- Performance data

Or V Speeds fail to meet relative value check which is done when:
- After first engine start,
- Entered OAT compared with sensed OAT to check they are within 6 degrees

97
Q

APPRCH VREF NOT SELECTED

A
  • When airplane has transitioned into approach environment and,
  • Vref has not been selected
98
Q

BUFFET ALERT Display Criteria

A

Only appears if Flaps are retracted

99
Q

PERF DEFAULTS DELETED

A

Call maintenance

100
Q

PROGRAM PIN ERROR

A

Call maintenance

101
Q

PROGRAM PIN NOT IN DB

A

Call maintenance

FCOM NG System Description (16 decks)

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