[11] Biochemical Pathways Involved in Thermogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is Thermogenesis?

A

It is the process of heat production in organisms, particularly within mammals and birds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the main biochemical pathways involved in thermogenesis?

A
  • Oxidative Phosphorylation
  • Glycolysis
  • Beta-oxidation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Oxidative Phosphorylation?

A

It is a metabolic pathway that uses energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to produce ATP.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Glycolysis?

A

It is the metabolic process that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP in the process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Beta-oxidation?

A

It is a metabolic process in which fatty acids are broken down to generate Acetyl-CoA, which is then used in the Krebs cycle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does Oxidative Phosphorylation occur in the cell?

A

In the mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does Glycolysis occur in the cell?

A

In the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does Beta-oxidation occur in the cell?

A

In the mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does Oxidative Phosphorylation contribute to heat production?

A

It produces heat as a byproduct of ATP production, especially during the uncoupling process where the proton gradient is used to produce heat instead of ATP.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does Glycolysis contribute to heat production?

A

The breaking down of glucose releases energy, some of which is lost as heat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does Beta-oxidation contribute to heat production?

A

The process of breaking down fatty acids releases energy, part of which is lost as heat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)?

A

A protein found in the mitochondria of brown adipose tissue that allows for heat production by non-shivering thermogenesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does UCP1 affect Oxidative Phosphorylation?

A

It uncouples Oxidative Phosphorylation from ATP production, allowing energy to be dissipated as heat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the role of UCP1 in BAT?

A

It facilitates the conversion of chemical energy into heat in BAT.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are thermogenin and UCP1?

A

Thermogenin is another name for UCP1. It is a protein involved in non-shivering thermogenesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What hormones regulate thermogenesis via these biochemical pathways?

A

Thyroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline are key regulators of thermogenesis.

17
Q

How does Thyroid hormone influence these pathways?

A

It can upregulate the rate of metabolism and heat production by influencing the activity of enzymes involved in these pathways.

18
Q

How do Adrenaline and Noradrenaline influence these pathways?

A

They can stimulate the breakdown of fat, increasing substrate availability for these pathways, and directly stimulate heat production in BAT.

19
Q

Why is understanding these biochemical pathways important?

A

Understanding these pathways can provide insights into how the body regulates its temperature and could have implications for treating obesity and metabolic diseases.

20
Q

How can the balance of these pathways be affected?

A

Factors such as diet, temperature, physical activity, and hormone levels can affect the balance and efficiency of these pathways.