[10] Electron Transport Chain Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)?

A

A series of protein complexes located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons and pump protons to create a proton gradient.

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2
Q

What is the location of the Electron Transport Chain?

A

The inner mitochondrial membrane.

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3
Q

What are the main components of the Electron Transport Chain?

A
  • Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase)
  • Complex II (Succinate dehydrogenase)
  • Complex III (Cytochrome c reductase)
  • Complex IV (Cytochrome c oxidase)
  • ATP synthase
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4
Q

What is the role of Complex I?

A

Transfers electrons from NADH to the electron transport chain and pumps protons across the membrane.

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5
Q

What is the role of Complex II?

A

Transfers electrons from FADH2 to the electron transport chain.

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6
Q

What is the role of Complex III?

A

Transfers electrons from ubiquinone to cytochrome c and pumps protons across the membrane.

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7
Q

What is the role of Complex IV?

A

Transfers electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen, pumping protons across the membrane and forming water.

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8
Q

What is the role of ATP synthase in the Electron Transport Chain?

A

Uses the proton gradient created by the electron transport chain to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

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9
Q

What is NADH in the context of the Electron Transport Chain?

A

An electron carrier that transfers electrons to Complex I.

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10
Q

What is FADH2 in the context of the Electron Transport Chain?

A

An electron carrier that transfers electrons to Complex II.

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11
Q

What is the role of oxygen in the Electron Transport Chain?

A

Acts as the final electron acceptor, combining with electrons and protons to form water.

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12
Q

What is the definition of the initials ETC?

A

Electron Transport Chain.

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13
Q

What is the definition of the initials NADH?

A

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (reduced form).

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14
Q

What is the definition of the initials FADH2?

A

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (reduced form).

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15
Q

What is the definition of the initials ATP?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate.

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16
Q

How many ATP molecules are produced per NADH and FADH2?

A

Approximately 2.5 ATP per NADH and 1.5 ATP per FADH2.

17
Q

What is the overall purpose of the Electron Transport Chain?

A

To create a proton gradient for ATP production.

18
Q

What happens if oxygen is not present in the Electron Transport Chain?

A

The chain stops, as oxygen is necessary to act as the final electron acceptor.

19
Q

What is the result of the Electron Transport Chain?

A

Generation of a proton gradient used by ATP synthase to produce ATP.

20
Q

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

A

The process of ATP production using the energy released by the Electron Transport Chain.