11 Flashcards
Thick set for tiles
Usually requiring 2 to 3-inch-thick mortar beds, this method is necessary where:
a) The floor tiles are large in size
b) The floor must be sloped to floor drains
c) There is excessive variation in the thickness of tiles
d) The subfloor has surface irregularities
Medium set for tiles
Not officially recognized by the several industry standards, this involves thin-set mortars that can be applied thicker than traditional thin-set mortars.
Thin set for tiles
More popular than other methods, this method is used where the tiles are:
a) Small in size, less than 12” x 12”
b) No slope to floor drains is required
c) Tile thickness is relatively uniform
d) Subfloor does not have excessive surface irregularities
Organic Adhesives
Organic Adhesives
Usually ready-to-use liquid or powdered water-emulsion latex products that cure by evaporation; these adhesives are typically for light-duty installations and for interior use only. They are not suitable for high temperatures.
Cement Mortars
Typically for general-duty installations, cement mortars consist of either mixtures of portland cement, sand, water, and water-retentive additives for dry-set cement mortars or a latex polymer additive for modified cement mortars.
Water-Cleanable Epoxies
Suitable for heavy-duty installations, for high temperature conditions, or for a specific function, epoxies are composed of an epoxy resin and a hardener.
Subfloors should be free of moisture because ___________.
Moisture can cause wood to swell and damage floor coverings, and moisture in the subfloor causes water-based adhesives to debond.
Terrazzo Flooring
Like concrete, this flooring is mixed with several aggregates and placed, wet and plastic, in its final location.
Epoxy Terrazzo
Combining assets of cementitious systems with the dramatic improvements made in epoxy resins, this flooring type is lighter and more flexible than cementitious terrazzo.
Precast Terrazzo
This flooring type is formed in a manufacturing plant into a variety of precast shapes, including floor tiles, sloped shower-stall floors, stair treads and risers, and wall base strips.
Stringer
The structural member of a stair that supports the treads and risers; also called the carriage.
Stair Rise and Run
The rise is the total vertical distance of the stair and is the same as the floor-to-floor height. The run is the total horizontal length of the stairs.
Balusters
In stair design, balusters are the vertical members that support the rails.
True or false? An interior wall does not need a footing below the frostline because it is in a thermally controlled space.
True. Where the temperature of the soil is not expected to change, footings don’t have to extend below the frostline.
Doweling (Reinforcing Bar)
A dowel is a solid cylindrical rod, such as a cut section of rebar. Dowels are used as reinforcement in concrete and masonry construction to provide resistance to uplift and lateral forces.
Thin Brick
A type of brick veneer that is very thin, similar to tile, that is adhesively bonded to a structural wall.
Schedules (Working Drawings)
Schedules in working drawings give information about doors, windows, room finishes, hardware, fixtures, equipment, and more.
Shop Drawings
Drawings, Diagrams, Schedules, and other data specially prepared for the work to illustrate some portion of the work by the general contractor, subcontractors, and fabricators.
Working Drawings
Working drawings, also called construction drawings, are the scaled plans, elevations, sections, details, and schedules that represent the configuration, size, shape, and location of a building to be built. They are used for estimating, permitting, and constructing the building. They comprise the graphical portion of the contract documents.
Bid Alternate
Portion of the work defined in the procurement documents for which separate pricing is to be identified in the bidder’s proposals.
General Requirements
Commonly known as Division 1, information in this set of sections is intended to communicate the administrative and procedural requirements that govern all of the technical sections. Information includes such topics as payment procedures, submittals, quality control, substitution requests, and contract close-out documents.
Submittals
Documents and physical samples that describe in detail how the contractor will construct the work. Submittals are closely scheduled and coordinated with the project construction schedule.
Parts to specify for a prefabricated wood truss
Overhang detail, pitch, and span. The trusses are then designed by the manufacturers.
NCS plotted line width recommendations
Extra Fine: 0.005" Fine: 0.007" Thin: 0.010" Medium: 0.014" Wide: 0.020" Extra Wide: 0.028" XX Wide: 0.039" XXX Wide: 0.055" XXXX Wide: 0.079"
What do notes on drawings provide?
Information -Instruction -Identification.
Keyed Note
A method for improving drawing clarity, it consists of an alphanumeric indicator symbol and leader line with a legend of those symbols and the full text notes located elsewhere on the drawing sheet.
MasterFormat
A master list of numbers and titles classified by work results or construction practices that is primarily used to organize project manuals and detailed cost information and related drawing notations to specifications.
Mock-Up Set, Cartoon Set, Story Book Set, and Mini-Set
These are all names for referring to drawings at 1/4 size representing all the project sheets required for a phase of construction drawings. This assists in planning the entire drawing set by assigning graphic and textual information to specific sheets in the set.
Discipline Designator
Consisting of one alphabetical character and a hyphen or two alphabetical characters: AANNN.
NCS Discipline Designators
G: General H: Hazardous materials V: Survey/mapping B: Geotechnical C: Civil L: Landscape S: Structural A: Architectural I: Interiors Q: Equipment F: Fire Protection P: Plumbing D: Process M: Mechanical E: Electrical W: Distributed energy T: Telecommunications R: Resource X: Other disciplines
Sheet Type Designators
0: General
1: Plans
2: Elevations
3: Sections
4: Large-scale views
5: Details
6: Schedules and diagrams
7: User-defined
8: User-defined
9: 3-D representations
Sheet Sequence Number
First sheet in a series is always 01, followed by 02–99. They do not need to be sequential to allow for future inclusion of sheets during design.
Supplemental Drawings
Small changes on a drawing are normally accomplished with the use of revision clouds and numbers accompanied by a brief description in the revision block.
What should be considered when creating schedules?
Client requirements; Size relative to drawing block, drawing area, and project manual; Method of creation generated by CAD or manually produced; Reproduction method; Degree of reduction or enlargement; Minimum size of text to remain legible; End Use at office or jobsite.
Parts of a schedule according to NCS
- Heading: the main subject or title of a schedule
- Mark Column: first identifier at far left of schedule; can be alphanumeric or can include a graphic symbol
- Item Description Column: Name or identification of each Item provided with a separate mark in the schedule
- Distinguishing Feature Column: distinct, different, or defining characteristics that specifically describe special information related to items in the schedule
- Notes Column: special type of distinguishing feature Column used to locate special remarks about items in the schedule that do not warrant their own separate column identifier
Benefits of using NCS for clients and owners
- Consistent organization of data for all projects, from all sources- Greater clarity of communication of design intent to the client- Streamlined electronic data management of facility management data- Enhanced potential for automated document storage and retrieval - Streamlined construction document checking process
Benefits of using NCS for contractors and subcontractors
- Consistent drawing sheet order and sheet organization; information appears in the same place in all drawing sets
- Consistent detail reference system
- Reduction of discrepancies, potential for errors, change orders , and construction delays
- Enhanced potential for automated payment process
- Consistent organization of data for all projects
What does this sheet number represent based on the National CAD Standard (NCS)? A-204
Architectural; Elevations; Fourth sheet in the series.
What is typically included in the general sheets of a set?
Sheet list, symbols, code summary, abbreviations, code plans, life safety plans, and ADA requirements.
Scope of Services
The work an architect or consultant will perform for a project including: Evaluating the proposed program, budget, schedule, site, and project delivery method. Assembling the team for the project and reviews and negotiating consultant fees. Providing a schematic design where the architect develops an approach that synthesizes the information gathered about the site and the building and arranges spaces to correspond to and meet requirements. Performing design development where the project is refined and design decisions are considered and confirmed. Drawing up construction documents, the biggest phase, where the working drawings and specifications are produced. Participating in bidding and negotiation where the architect helps the owner bid the project and find a contractor. Carrying out contract administration, where the architect acts as administrator of the contract.
Add Services
Professional services that may, if authorized or confirmed in writing by owner, be rendered for additional compensation, in addition to the basic services identified in the owner-architect agreement.
Add Alternate
Add Alternate
Additional project scope to be priced by contractor, which the owner can choose to execute based on project goals and available budget.
ASI
Architectural Supplemental Instructions (ASI) is a document that modifies the contract documents after their original issue. ASIs usually signify small changes in the design and do not affect scope, but rather change or clarify the intent.
Sketch (Architectural, Structural, etc.)
A drawing that is issued after the initial contract documents and addresses a specific portion of the work. Sketches are associated with ASIs, RFI responses, bulletins, and other documents that formally change the scope of work.
Prescriptive Specifications (Closed Specs)
This specification tells the contractor exactly what product or material to use.
Performance Specification (Open Spec)
TSpecification based on performance requirements of a product, such as VOC content, efficiency rating, or sound attenuation rating. May or may not name a specific brand or model.
MasterFormat
Part 1: general requirements, required submittals, quality assurance, warranties, project conditions, specifications for equipment delivery, storage and handling
Part 2: acceptable manufacturers, standards and test methods that materials must conform to, how items are fabricated
Part 3: tells how the product and materials are to be installed or applied, preparation before installation, in field quality control, requirements for cleaning, adjusting and protecting finished work
Technical Sections
Organized around 16-division format and 5-digit numbering system, technical sections are generally organized by the sequence of the introduction of materials on the project.
Reference Specifying
Incorporates reference standards published by industry associations and testing organizations and allows specifiers to use industry-accepted standards of practice and performance.
Proprietary Specifying
Using proprietary products and materials is preferred because of brevity and simplicity. This specification type is frequently supplemented with reference standards and performance requirements.
Descriptive Specifying
Requires the use of technical descriptions of exact characteristics of materials and products. This can be a tedious and time-consuming process.
Implementing sustainable products
In an effort to implement construction projects that have the least impact on the environment, specifiers include requirements such as:
- Low or no-VOC paints, coatings, sealants, and adhesives
- Products with high recycled content
- Products that have been manufactured, harvested, or recovered regionally
- Roofing and paving materials with high reflectance values
- Particleboard and insulations with no added urea formaldehyde
- Flooring products that have received FloorScore Certifications.
U.S. National CAD Standard
Single standard that supports the seamless transfer of building design and construction information among a broad array of users throughout the building life cycle.
LOD
The level of development (LOD) refers to the degree that elements will be modeled in the drawings, broken down by project phase and heavily influenced by project goals.
Open Specifications
Used for competitive bidding or public projects, in which several acceptable options of material, products, system, manufacturer, etc. can be listed for the contractor to chose from. Contractors may also suggest their own alternative if they can prove equal performance.
Cash Allowance Specifications
Specification used when the amount of money that can be used is known but not necessarily a specific product. A dollar amount is set and the contractor and owner can choose based on the allowance.
Wire Ties
In masonry construction, wire ties are used to bond the masonry to the substrate or to connect two or more wythes.
Contents of a project manual include
- Bidding requirements
- Contract conditions (general, supplementary, and special, if there are any)
- Contract forms
- Specifications
General Conditions
The General Conditions (A-201) contains information pertinent to most projects about the rights and responsibilities of the owner, architect, and contractor. Billable costs incurred by the general contractor for items other than direct construction-related materials and labor, or overhead and profit. Can include temporary power, site security, sanitation, or office supplies.
Supplementary Conditions
Provisions added to a standard form contract. This is a useful tool to address project-specific needs that the standard form does not cover.
Special Conditions
Special conditions are used to further extend the supplementary conditions. Government clients often have special conditions.
General Requirements
The general requirements, or Division 01 of the project manual, expand on specific administrative and procedural provisions in the conditions of the contract. The general requirements apply broadly to the execution of the work of all the other sections of the specifications. The general requirements division is used to identify items of work that are not normally shown on the drawings or in the specification. (Note: general requirements and general conditions are not the same thing.)
CSI MasterFormat, Division 01
General requirements. Contain information that applies to all the other specification sections so that it does not have to be repeated in each section.
Reference Standards
Reference Standards
Technical standards that can be referred to in specifications. The reference standard describes a material or process that meets the requirements set by an authority or test method. For example, ASTM C36 is a reference standard containing criteria for gypsum wallboard. Including ASTM C36 in the specifications means the gypsum wallboard on the project shall comply with this standard.
CSI Project Resource Manual
CSI Project Resource Manual
CSI MasterFormat Divisions (Selected Sections)
02 Existing Conditions 03 Concrete 04 Masonry 05 Metals 06 Wood, Plastics, and Composites 07 Thermal and Moisture Protection 08 Openings (Doors and Windows) 09 Finishes 10 Specialties 11 Equipment 12 Furnishings 13 Special Construction 14 Conveying Equipment 21 Fire Suppression 22 Plumbing 23 HVAC 26 Electrical 27 Communications 31 Earthwork
Project Manual
The written documents prepared for procuring and constructing the work, which can include the specifications, bidding requirements, contract forms, and conditions of contract. The project manual may also include supplementary information such as the geotechnical report, traffic study, or arborist’s report.
Where would a provision for the owner to pay for utilities instead of the contractor be located?
In the project manual in the supplementary conditions.
Prequalification (AIA A305)
Bidders are often prequalified before being able to bid on projects. Prequalification provides information about bidder’s ability to meet standards of reliability, experience, financial stability, and performance.
Bid Security
Bid security is a security against the contractor not entering into a bid with the owner. It is in the form of a check or a bid bond. If the successful bidder fails to enter into the contract, the bid security is forfeited.
Bid Forms
A document filled out by a contractor, and submitted to an owner, stating the proposed total construction cost for a project. The bid may include qualifications or assumptions to define the scope of the bid.
Invitation to Bid
An invitation to bid is a way to solicit a prequalified contractor to bid on a project.
Advertisement to Bid
A way to call for potential bidders by advertising the project in newspapers or trade journals. The advertisement to bid is also included in the project manual. It is required for public projects.
Bidding Documents
Includes:
- advertisement or invitation to bid
- instructions to bidders
- bid forms
- bid security information
- performance bond (if required)
- labor and material payment bond (if required)
CSI MasterFormat, Division 00
Procurement and Contracting Requirements. These documents describe the project’s introductory project information and include documents for conducting bidding processes. This division also includes the agreements, general conditions, and other contractual documents.
