07 Flashcards
Certificate of Compliance
A certificate stating that materials and products meet specified standards or that work was done in compliance with approved construction documents.
Head Joint
Vertical mortar joint placed between masonry units within the wythe at the time the masonry units are laid.
Micropile
A micropile is a bored, grouted-into-place deep foundation element that develops its load-carrying capacity by means of a bond zone in soil, bedrock, or a combination of soil and bedrock.
Sallyport
A security vestibule with two or more doors or gates whose intended purpose is to prevent continuous and unobstructed passage by allowing the release of only one door or gate at a time.
Subdiaphragm
A portion of a larger wood diaphragm designed to anchor and transfer local forces to primary diaphragm struts and the main diaphragm.
Tactile Sign
Sign containing raised characters and/or symbols and accompanying Braille.
Tie-Down (Hold Down)
A device used to resist uplift of the chords of shear walls.
Smoke Barrier
A continuous membrane, either vertical or horizontal, such as a wall, floor, or ceiling assembly, that is designed and constructed to restrict the movement of smoke.
Self-Closing
As applied to a fire door or other opening protective, it means being equipped with a device that will ensure door closure after it has been opened.
Ashlar Masonry
Masonry composed of various-sized rectangular units having sawed, dressed, or squared bed surfaces, properly bonded and laid in mortar.
Coursed Ashlar
Ashlar masonry is laid in courses of stone of equal height for each course, although different courses shall be permitted to be of varying height.
Plain Masonry
Masonry in which the tensile resistance of the masonry is taken into consideration and the effects of stresses in reinforcement are neglected.
Grade SW
Grade for building bricks: Severe Weathering (Oregon, most of the eastern half of the U.S.).
Grade MW
Grade for building bricks: Moderate Weathering (Midwest, most of Washington).
Grade NW
Grade for building bricks: Negligible Weathering (along southern U.S. border)
Type FBS
Type FBX
Type FBA
Grade for Facing Bricks: wide range of color and greater size variation per unit.
Grade for Facing Bricks: high degree of perfection, narrow color range, slight size variation.
Grade for Facing Bricks: Nonuniformity in size, color, and texture per unit.
Running Bond
English Bond
Common Bond
Flemish Bond
Entire row of stretchers.
Alternate course of headers and stretchers.
Header course every sixth course; head joints are aligned between header and stretcher courses.
Alternates headers and stretchers in each course.
Visible Transmittance
VT is the ratio of visible light entering the space through the fenestration assembly to the incident visible light. This includes the effects of glazing material and frame and is expressed as a number between 0 and 1, where 0 is no light transmittance and 1 is 100%.
Thermal Transmittance (U)
Coefficient of heat transmission (air to air) through a building component or assembly, equal to the time rate of heat flow per unit area and unit temperature difference between the warm side and cold side air films. It is the inverse of R.
Thermal Conductance (C)
Thermal Resistance (R)
The time rate of heat flow through a unit area of a given material in terms of the unit temperature difference between two surfaces.
The reciprocal of thermal conductance, equal to the sum of the weighted R-values for each layer in the component, such as air films, thermal insulation, framing, and glazing.
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient
The ratio of the solar heat gain entering the space through the fenestration assembly to the incident solar radiation. This coefficient includes directly transmitted solar heat and absorbs solar radiation that is reradiated, conducted, or convected into the space.
Bargeboard
The board on a gable end of a roof.
What are the actual dimensions of the following nominal lumber sizes? 1”, 2”, 3”, 4”, 5”, 6”, 8”, 10”, and 12”.
1" = 3/4" 2" = 1 1/2" 3" = 2 1/2" 4" = 3 1/2" 5" = 4 1/2" 6" = 5 1/2" 8" = 7 1/4" 10" = 9 1/4" 12" = 11 1/4"
5/4 Lumber
Lumber that is 1.25” thick; often used for decking.
Haptic
Relating to the sense of touch.
Hearth
The area in front of the fireplace that protects the floor from sparks.
Flue
The path for smoke to travel up the chimney.
Smoke Shelf
Causes downdrafts in a fireplace to deflect back up.
Damper
Regulates airflow and prevents downdraft in a fireplace.
Unit Kitchen
Compact all-in-one kitchen unit that contains refrigeration, a sink, and a cooktop.
Integrated Appliances
When the appliances are finished with the cabinetry to become indistinguishable.
Types of Cabinets
Base, wall, and tall; framed or frameless; flush inset, flush overlay, reveal overlay, and lipped overlay.
Types of Kitchens
U-shaped, L-shaped, galley, island, peninsula, and straight-line.
Stock Cabinets
Come in width increments of 3”. For example, 12”, 15”, 18”, 21”, 24”, 27”, 30”, 33”, and 36”.
Sink Base
A type of cabinet that is built to have a sink placed in it.
Veneer Matching
Bookmatch, slipmatch, and random.
Casework
The name given to cabinets in architectural drawings and specifications.
Toe Kick
A space under cabinets designed to allow for use of the countertops without stubbing toes or leaning over.
Melamine
A type of thermosetting plastic commonly used as a veneer laminate for shelving and casework.
Polyurethane
A topcoat of liquid plastic applied to wood as a finish; durable and hardworking for floors and tabletops; can be either oil-based or water-based.
Lacquer
A clean or colored finish that is usually sprayed on. It can be scratched easily but is otherwise resistant to damage; any blemishes that occur to lacquer are easily fixed.
Shellac
A type of clear or colored finish for wood that is made from the secretions of the lac bug, which secretes lac to create a shell. The lac secretions are mixed with alcohol to dissolve and form a working solution. Adds a warm tone to the product being finished. Has been around for a long time.
Varnish
A type of clear, hard, topcoat finish for wood that is easy to apply and takes longer to dry than polyurethane. Not as durable as polyurethane.
Stain
Changes the color of wood without covering the grain; does not offer much protection, so a topcoat should be applied.
Powdercoat
A durable coating of dry powder that is applied electrostatically and has no solvent like other coatings.
Countertop corners in high traffic areas can be specified to have _____ or _____ corners.
Rounded, clipped.
Cornerguard
Metal, plastic, or wood angles to cover and protect gypsum board corners in high-use areas such as corridors in heath-care and senior living facilities.
Gunnite
A concrete mixture that is pumped through a hose and sprayed over reinforcing to desired thickness; also called shotcrete.
Heat of Hydration
The heat generated by the process of hydration, as during the setting and curing of concrete.
Float Finish
A fine-textured finish obtained by smoothing a fresh concrete or plaster surface with a wood float.
Swirl Finish
A textured finish given to a fresh plaster or concrete surface by troweling with an overlapping circular motion.
Trowel Finish
A dense, smooth finish obtained by working a fresh concrete or plaster surface with a steel trowel.
Screed
A wood or metal straight edge drawn over a newly placed concrete slab to make it level.
Keyway
A longitudinal groove or channel formed in a concrete footing or other member that has set, providing a shear-resisting key for newly placed concrete at a construction joint.
Void Form
One of multiple products that is used to create a void under concrete, thereby isolating the concrete from expansive soils.
Furring
Furring or furring strips are wood or metal strips that are attached to a wall or other surface to provide a structure for attaching a finish material such as gypsum board. It is used to level and resurface or to provide a cavity for insulation or piping.
Reglet
A thin strip, often a metal channel, that adjoins panels or provides a reveal molding. It can also be a recess in a masonry wall where the top end of counterflashing is inserted.
Matrix
In terrazzo construction, the matrix refers to the binder, either cement or epoxy resin.
Chair Rail
A wood molding that runs horizontally around a room 24” or higher above the floor; provides wall protection.
Wainscot
Wood paneling that lines the lower part of a room.
Dado
In joinery, a dado is a rectangular groove or slot cut into a material such as wood or plastic. Kinds include stopped, through, blind, rabbeted, and double.
Scarf Joint
A type of joint used in woodworking that connects two pieces of wood end-to-end, where the ends are cut with steep opposing angles and adhered to each other. It is not a strong joint, so it is mostly used for decorative molding.
Tenon and Mortise
A type of joint used in woodworking that connects two pieces by a mortise (hole) and tenon (tongue or stub). It is a simple and strong connection.
Birdsmouth
The notch cut in a roof rafter that is used to connect to and transfer load to the top plate of the wall.
Ledger
A structural board that is mounted to a vertical frame or surface. For example, ledger boards are used to attach decks to houses.
Corner Bead
A drywall accessory to provide shape to, protect, and reinforce outside corners of walls; composed of paper and thin galvanized metal or plastic.
Carpet Fibers
Wool, nylon, acrylic, polypropylene (olefin), and polyester.
Pile Density
Refers to the quantity of pile yarn used and closeness of the weave.
Level Loop
Each loop is the same height.
Textured or Multi-Level Loop
Loops are inserted into the backing with different heights for dimensional effect.
Crazing
Numerous hairline cracks with a shatter appearance in a surface, such as concrete, plaster, ceramic, paints, and other coatings.
Figure (Wood)
Figure is the word used to describe the appearance of wood due to its grain, cut, and properties including species and growing pattern. Cathedral, burl, and bird’s eye are examples of different figure markings in wood.
Joint Compound
Used with joint tape to finish joints in drywall construction; also called mud.
Joint Tape
Used over joints in drywall construction to provide a smooth surface.
Sapwood vs. Heartwood
Heartwood is the dead, innermost part of a tree and is usually darker in color. Sapwood is the living, outermost part of a tree and is usually paler in color.
Softwood vs. Hardwood
Softwoods are from coniferous trees, and hardwoods are from hardwood trees. This is a biological distinction, not a structural one. For example, Balsa is a hardwood and Douglas Fir is a softwood.
Wood Defects
Cupping, warping, bowing, crooking, pitch pockets, checks, wanes, knots, and shakes.
Thin-Set Tile
Thick-Set Tile
A thin-set installation uses adhesive mortar typically no more than 3/16” thick to attach tile to a substrate.
A thick-set or mud-set tile installation consists of finish tiles set over a thick mortar bed that allows the substrate to be uneven or sloped.
Mastic
Heavy, paste-like material usually applied with a trowel and used as a bonding agent.
Lippage
The variation of heights between adjacent tiles.
Backbutter
Applying mortar to the back of a tile or brick before setting to help ensure a proper bond.
Mil
One one-thousandth of an inch.
Perm
A unit of water vapor transmission.
FRP
Fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) is colloquially called “orange peel.” Affordable, durable wall covering used in kitchens, restrooms and more.
Housewrap
Any synthetic sheathing paper product that performs as a weather barrier.
Quarry Tile
Low absorbing tile used in commercial kitchens.
Vitrification
A process that makes a ceramic material glass-like.
True or false? Exposing structural and mechanical always saves money.
False. Mechanical and structural work that will be left exposed must be installed and finished to a higher degree and, therefore, costs more than mechanical and structural systems that are not exposed.
Nail Popping and Screw Popping
In drywall or plaster walls, popping occurs when nailheads pop back out, displacing the compound. Could indicate settling. Screws pop less than nails.
Self-Furring Lath
Dimpled lath that holds itself away from the surface it is attached to. This allows a plaster or stucco finish to be interlocked, or keyed, with it.
Traditional Lath
Traditional lath in older homes was thin, wood strips nailed to the framing. The plaster was keyed in the small spaces left in-between.
Filler Strip
When installing modular cabinets, filler strips are installed to make up the difference between the side of a cabinet and the side wall. Filler strips also allow room for a cabinet door with protruding hardware to open the full 90°.
Finished End
When specifying modular cabinets, those that do not abut another cabinet or a wall on the side need a “finished end.”
Backer Rod
Flexible foam rods that are used to “back up” caulk in construction joints.
Positive Drainage
Means that water drains away; used when talking about low-slope roofs and water draining away from a structure.
EIFS
An exterior insulation finish system (EIFS; pronounced ee-fiss) is an exterior cladding system composed of rigid insulation board over a substrate and finished with a coating that resembles stucco.
Negative Side Waterproofing
Positive Side Waterproofing
The interior of a foundation wall, whereby water can enter the wall and not pass through it.
The exterior of a foundation wall, whereby water is blocked from entering the wall.
What helps minimize the effects of efflorescence in façades?
Installation of a waterproof membrane will help reduce this phenomenon, where salt and minerals migrate to the exterior finish material.
Issue with too much water in concrete
Makes it easier to work, but causes excessive water, which manifests in cracking, leakage, and absorption. The water is trapped in the concrete and has to go somewhere, so it typically escapes to the interior of the building.
Issue with water and a water-based flooring adhesive
This will result in floor material lifting.
Two waterproofing methods
- Water Seal: monolithic; prevents any water from entering
2. Water Management: examples include pitched roof and drainage rock at foundation
Below-grade waterproofing strategies
- Membrane: coatings, oil-based, or sprayed
2. Water Management: damp proofing aided by foundation perimeter drainage
Sheet membrane application techniques
Applied fully bonded or unbonded.
To form a monolithic membrane, sheet membranes must be _________ and bonded to each other by ______ or _______.
1) overlapped
2) adhesive
3) heat welding
Advantages of sheet membranes
Limitations of sheet membranes
- Arrive to jobsite with uniform thickness, strength, and quality
- Immediate setting
- Good insulating properties
- Low risk of failure if installed properly
- Failures due to installation error rather than product
- Overlaps, seams, and penetrations can be source of water entry
- Poor exposure resistance and temperature stability
- Cannot conform to irregular surfaces
Types of liquid membranes
Advantages of liquid membranes
Limitations of liquid membranes
- Hot liquid asphalt or cold asphaltic compounds
- Two component polyurethane
- Water-based epoxy
- Polyester resin with fiberglass mat
- Flexible epoxy resin
- Bitumen latex
- Acrylic copolymer cement
- Latex-based single component
- Simple and fast installation
- Ease of installation on walls and floors
- Applied to irregular surfaces
- Seamless
- Semiflexible
- UV-Resistant and Economical
- Ability to Breathe
- Needs to dry or cure prior to water test
- Longer turnaround time
- Must meet minimum application thickness
- Must ensure void free application
- Overlaps, seams, and penetration details can be sources of water entry
