11/14/24 Discussion Section

Question 1

Need for Cognitive Closure (NFC)

What two things does it lead to?

Answer 1

desire for a firm answer to a question, any firm answer as compared to confusion or ambiguity

It leads to seizing (less speculation to reach fast conclusion) and freezing (close-minded ness, unlikely to stray away from initial judgement) tendencies

Question 2

What was the conclusion of the team that looked at NFC in recalling an event and reflecting on affective well-being, reject/accept dream job, president election?

Answer 2

Only sig moderation of NFC in negative condition. NOT positive condition

High NFC = more differences in affective well being.

Question 3

Confirmation Bias

Answer 3

tendency for perceivers to seek out, remember, and interpret information in ways that conform to preexisting beliefs or expectations

Question 4

What were the results of experiments that looked at dispositional inferences effect on confirmation bias?

Memory recall, interpret ambiguous behaviors, and processing objectives initially vs. trait-implying behaviors and if dispositional inference of observed behaviors mediate association between processing objective at intital exposure and downstream confirmation biases.

Answer 4

exp 1: 2x2: impression formation vs. narrative construction and behavior recall: consistent or unrealted.

Impression formation = dispositional inferences

Dispositional focus = confirmation bias. favor recall of impression-consistent information.

exp 2: Dispositional forces interpreted ambiguous behaviors in line with intital trait impressions, reinforcing confirmation bias

exp 3: Impression objective select questions consistent with trait impression more for familiar targets.

exp 4: more dispositional inferences in impression formation condition. More generalizations of observed behavior. Guided degree of confirmatory information seeking beahvior. Mediated association between processing objective at inital observation and confrimatory processing.

Main point: perceiver’s info processing objective can encourage confirmatory processing information.

Question 5

Objectivity Illusion

Answer 5

The perception that “my” beliefs are an objective reflection of reality, so those with other views must be uninformed or misinformed

Question 6

What is the relationship between objectivity illusion and beliefs about normative and nonnormative bias?

Answer 6

Co-partisans more influecned by normative means (facts) than nonnormative bias (objectivity illusions).

bias in debate perception, polarization over time, williningness to characterize other side as evil/stupid/terroistic, willingness to support child marrying across party lines.

Question 7

Naive realism

Answer 7

related to objectiveity illusion (OI)

Making jump from individual to group level