11/1: Oral Cancer Diagnosis

Question 1

What are the oral cancer symptoms?

Answer 1

1. Lip sore
2. White patches
3. Red patches

Question 2

What self-examination can you do to see if you have oral cancer?

Answer 2

1. Ulcers that do not heal within 3 weeks
2. red/white patches
3. Lumps

Question 3

What are the histological stages of oral cancer development?

Answer 3

Normal mucosa → hyperplasia → dysplasia → carcinoma in situ → invasive OSCC

Question 4

Stage 1, 2, 3, and 4 of OSCC is based on what?

Answer 4

1. Tumor
2. Node
3. Metastasis

Question 5

How many steps is oral cancer screening?

Answer 5

8

Question 6

What are the most common Oral potentially malignant disorders?

Answer 6

1. Leukoplasia → white patches
2. Erythroplakia → red patches
3. Oral submucous fibrosis

Question 7

What is the gold standard for diagnosing OPMDs?

Answer 7

Histopathologic diagnosis

Question 8

What are the steps to histopathological diagnosis of OPMDs?

Answer 8

1. Remove fresh tissue samples surgically
2. FFPE block and H&E slide prep
3. Microscopic evaluation from the pathologist

Question 9

What are the most common diagnostic tests used in clinical practice for oral cancer?

Answer 9

1. Vital staining
2. Oral cytology
3. Optical imaging

Question 10

This refers to a test’s ability to designate an individual with the disease as positive

Answer 10

Sensitivity

Question 11

This refers to the ability of a test to designate an individual who does not have a disease as negative

Answer 11

Specificity

Question 12

What vital staining is the most commonly used?

Answer 12

Toluidine blue

Question 13

What are the 3 oral cytology techniques?

Answer 13

1. Brush biopsy
2. Fine needle biopsy
3. Exfoliate cytology (razor)

Question 14

What product is associated with oral brush biopsy?

Answer 14

OralCDx

Question 15

What optical imaging is used in oral cancer?

Answer 15

1. Autofluorescence-based
2. Chemiluminescence-based
3. Multispectral fluorescence and reflectance-based

Question 16

What system is used for autofluorescence?

Answer 16

VELscope system

Question 17

What system/product is used for a chemiluminescence-based system?

Answer 17

VIZILite

Question 18

What system/product is used for a multispectral fluorescence and reflectance-based system?

Answer 18

Identafi

Question 19

What diagnostic test for oral cancer was the most accurate?

Answer 19

Oral cytology

Question 20

What diagnostic test for oral cancer was the least accurate?

Answer 20

Optical imaging

Question 21

Methylation within the promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes causes what?

Answer 21

Silencing

Question 22

Methylation within the gene itself can induce mutational events which lead to

Answer 22

Cancer

Question 23

CD44 is what kind of protein?

Answer 23

Glycoprotein

Question 24

S100A7 is what kind of protein?

Answer 24

Calcium-binding protein

Question 25

What app allows early detection of oral cancer?

Answer 25

MeMoSA

Question 26

FTIR is what?

Answer 26

Biomolecular fingerprinting

Question 27

FTIR uses what?

Answer 27

Infrared spectroscopy

Question 28

Hi