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D1 Fall - Biochem > 11/1: Oral Cancer Diagnosis > Flashcards

11/1: Oral Cancer Diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the oral cancer symptoms?

A
  1. Lip sore
  2. White patches
  3. Red patches
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2
Q

What self-examination can you do to see if you have oral cancer?

A
  1. Ulcers that do not heal within 3 weeks
  2. red/white patches
  3. Lumps
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3
Q

What are the histological stages of oral cancer development?

A

Normal mucosa → hyperplasia → dysplasia → carcinoma in situ → invasive OSCC

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4
Q

Stage 1, 2, 3, and 4 of OSCC is based on what?

A
  1. Tumor
  2. Node
  3. Metastasis
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5
Q

How many steps is oral cancer screening?

A

8

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6
Q

What are the most common Oral potentially malignant disorders?

A
  1. Leukoplasia → white patches
  2. Erythroplakia → red patches
  3. Oral submucous fibrosis
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7
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosing OPMDs?

A

Histopathologic diagnosis

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8
Q

What are the steps to histopathological diagnosis of OPMDs?

A
  1. Remove fresh tissue samples surgically
  2. FFPE block and H&E slide prep
  3. Microscopic evaluation from the pathologist
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9
Q

What are the most common diagnostic tests used in clinical practice for oral cancer?

A
  1. Vital staining
  2. Oral cytology
  3. Optical imaging
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10
Q

This refers to a test’s ability to designate an individual with the disease as positive

A

Sensitivity

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11
Q

This refers to the ability of a test to designate an individual who does not have a disease as negative

A

Specificity

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12
Q

What vital staining is the most commonly used?

A

Toluidine blue

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13
Q

What are the 3 oral cytology techniques?

A
  1. Brush biopsy
  2. Fine needle biopsy
  3. Exfoliate cytology (razor)
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14
Q

What product is associated with oral brush biopsy?

A

OralCDx

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15
Q

What optical imaging is used in oral cancer?

A
  1. Autofluorescence-based
  2. Chemiluminescence-based
  3. Multispectral fluorescence and reflectance-based
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16
Q

What system is used for autofluorescence?

A

VELscope system

17
Q

What system/product is used for a chemiluminescence-based system?

A

VIZILite

18
Q

What system/product is used for a multispectral fluorescence and reflectance-based system?

A

Identafi

19
Q

What diagnostic test for oral cancer was the most accurate?

A

Oral cytology

20
Q

What diagnostic test for oral cancer was the least accurate?

A

Optical imaging

21
Q

Methylation within the promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes causes what?

A

Silencing

22
Q

Methylation within the gene itself can induce mutational events which lead to

A

Cancer

23
Q

CD44 is what kind of protein?

A

Glycoprotein

24
Q

S100A7 is what kind of protein?

A

Calcium-binding protein

25
Q

What app allows early detection of oral cancer?

A

MeMoSA

26
Q

FTIR is what?

A

Biomolecular fingerprinting

27
Q

FTIR uses what?

A

Infrared spectroscopy

28
Q

Hi

A

D1 Fall - Biochem (29 decks)

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