11/03 notes

Question 1

phenomenon where the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group
- occurs when individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group

Answer 1

social loafing

Question 2

unclear that there is an emergency; less likely to help in unfamiliar environments than familiar ones

Answer 2

situational ambiguity

Question 3

the change of an individual’s behavior to comply with a demand by an authority figure.

Answer 3

obedience

Question 4

under what conditions is obedience the highest?

Answer 4

• when the victim is depersonalized or physically removed
• when the person giving instructions was close at hand, and was seen as a figure of authority
• the authority was supported by an institution
• there were no role models for defiance

Question 5

helping or providing help to another person, often at great cost (or potential danger) to yourself; people’s desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping

Answer 5

altruism

Question 6

name the four types of altruism

Answer 6

• nepotistic (family)
• reciprocal (“ill help u if u help me”)
• group based (social group)
• moral (moral obligation)

Question 7

voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people

Answer 7

prosocial behavior

Question 8

the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he/she feels.

Answer 8

empathy

Question 9

phenomenon when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone.
- usually occurs when they are skilled/it’s easy
- thought it could be the opposite: stage fright

Answer 9

social facilitation

Question 10

psychological discomfort arising from holding two or more inconsistent attitudes, behaviors, or cognitions

Answer 10

cognitive dissonance

Question 11

name an example of cognitive dissonance

Answer 11

the novel 1984
smoking cigarettes (rationalizing)

Question 12

the phenomenon where the justification of effort has a distinct effect on a person liking a group; a difficult initiation into a group influences us to like the group more.

Answer 12

the effect of initiation

Question 13

example of the effect of initiation

Answer 13

aronson and mills experiment; college students volunteered to join a group that would regularly discuss the psychology of sex
- choice of initiation difficulty
- most difficult initiation = liking the group more
- hazing = groupthink??