10/18 notes

Question 1

type of unlearned behavior where someone has a motor/neural reaction to a specific stimulus

Answer 1

reflex

Question 2

examples of reflexes

Answer 2

• babies have a sucking reflex & a clinging reflex when dropped
• joint reflexes (knee tapped with hammer)

Question 3

a type of unlearned behavior which is triggered by a broader range of events and requires higher brain function

Answer 3

instinct(s)

Question 4

name the three types of learning

Answer 4

classical conditioning, operant conditioning, observational learning

Question 5

type of learning where events that occur close in time become associated, so that we can react/predict/prepare in response to meaningful stimuli (repetition legitimizes! repetition legitimizes! repetition legiti-)

Answer 5

classical conditioning

Question 6

type of learning where we begin to change our behavior based on the consequences we experience as following it (consequences)

Answer 6

operant conditioning

Question 7

type of learning where we see the experiences of others, which provide important clues which guide us in our own choices and behaviors; a social type of learning (follow the leader… or don’t)

Answer 7

observational learning

Question 8

the dog saliva guy who first studied canine digestive systems but accidentally discovered CLASSICAL conditioning

Answer 8

ivan pavlov

Question 9

unconditioned behaviors are…

Answer 9

unlearned

Question 10

conditioned behaviors are…

Answer 10

learned

Question 11

type of conditioning where an established, conditioned stimulus is paired with a new, neutral stimulus (the second-order stimulus) so that eventually the new stimulus also elicits the conditioned response without the initial conditioned stimulus being presented.
- the backtracking/sourcing of the cause

Answer 11

higher order conditioning (HOC)

Question 12

a phenomenon whereby a conditioned stimulus (CS) acquires the ability to elicit a conditioned response (CR) without ever being directly paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US)

Answer 12

second order conditioning (SOC)

Question 13

a stimulus that does not naturally elicit a response

Answer 13

neutral stimulus

Question 14

when an organism learns to respond differently to various stimuli that are similar
- bell sound vs. whistle sound equaling food

Answer 14

stimulus discrimination

Question 15

when an organism demonstrates the conditioned response to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus
- disliking one spider becomes dislike of all spiders

Answer 15

stimulus generalization

Question 16

the initial period of learning when an organism learns to connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus
- requires short time interval b/w NS & UCS & lots of repetition
- optimum: 0.5 seconds

Answer 16

aquisition

Question 17

the decrease in the conditioned response when the UCS is no longer presented with the CS (a gradual forgetting)
- if food stops being presented with the sound of the bell then eventually the dog will stop responding to the bell
relearning the extinct behavior is easier than learning it initially

Answer 17

extinction (of stimulus response)

Question 18

the return of a previously extinguished conditioned response following a rest period

Answer 18

spontaneous recovery

Question 19

children learn to associate bladder tension w/ a loud bell sound; leads them to using the restroom instead of wetting the bed

Answer 19

treating enuresis like pavlov’s experiment