10/25 notes

Question 1

type of learning that uses reason, especially to form conclusions, inferences, or judgments, to solve a problem (critical thinking)

Answer 1

insight learning

Question 2

type of learning that is a a subconscious retention of information without reinforcement or motivation to pointedly retain it.

Answer 2

latent learning

Question 3

can the organism actually carry out the task? are they developmentally/evolutionarily capable of it?
- can the child discern what they are being reprimanded for?
- can the organism discriminate between two stimuli?

Answer 3

biological preparedness (to learn)

Question 4

when an organism’s instincts interfere with a certain behavior we are attempting to produce through conditioning

Answer 4

instinctive drift

Question 5

learning difficult tasks by reinforcing at first, small steps towards the main goal by rewarding successive approximations of target behavior. the behavior slowly becomes more precise.
- useful for teaching a complex chain of events
- commonly used by animal trainers

Answer 5

shaping

Question 6

a destructive monetary habit that is fueled by intermittent positive reinforcement
- one of the most difficult behaviors to change
- associated with low levels of the hormone norepinephrine

Answer 6

gambling

Question 7

the process for identifying problem behaviors and developing interventions to improve or eliminate those behaviors; used by applied behavior analysts

Answer 7

functional behavior analysis

Question 8

chart used by ABA analysts that outlines antecedents, behaviors, and consequences of behaviors

Answer 8

abc chart

Question 9

a type of therapy frequently applied to children with autism and other developmental disorders; a set of principles that focus on how behaviors change, or are affected by the environment, as well as how learning takes place

Answer 9

applied behavior analysis

Question 10

a term referring to skills and actions needed to talk, play, and live

Answer 10

definition of behavior according to ABA

Question 11

psychologist whose research found efficacy of applied behavioral methods in reducing inappropriate behavior and in increasing communication and learning

Answer 11

ole ivar lovaas

Question 12

a state that occurs after a person has experienced a stressful situation repeatedly. they come to believe that they are unable to control or change the situation, so they do not try.

Answer 12

learned helplessness

Question 13

established the theory of learned helplessness.

Answer 13

martin e.p. seligman

Question 14

• SMART goals
• attribution Style Goal Setting
• self-efficacy
  something is reinforcing enough about that situation that makes changing it very difficult -> mental health professionals see the situation from a new angle

Answer 14

ways to mitigate learned helplessness

Question 15

• addictions
• domestic violence (sometimes)
• chronic illness (sometimes)

Answer 15

examples of learned helplessness