10/22 notes

Question 1

a type of conditioning where the target behavior is followed by reinforcement or punishment to either strengthen or weaken it
- consequence based
- retrospective

Answer 1

operant conditioning

Question 2

a type of conditioning where an unconditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus; the neutral stimulus eventually becomes the conditioned stimulus and brings about the conditioned response
- association
- repetition legitimizes

Answer 2

classical conditioning

Question 3

___________ conditioning is involuntary, or reflexive

Answer 3

classical

Question 4

___________ conditioning is voluntary, and can be complex

Answer 4

operant

Question 5

the law that “the probability that a particular stimulus will repeatedly elicit a particular learned response depends on the perceived consequences of the response.”

Answer 5

thorndike’s law of effect (1905)

Question 6

the scientist who conducted experiments on rats and pigeons to determine how learning occurs through operant conditioning; believed any behavior could be controlled/conditioned

• box experiments
• bomb steering pigeons
• ping pong playing pigeons

Answer 6

b. f. skinner

Question 7

explain the cat/puzzle box experiment carried out by thorndike

Answer 7

• cat finds its way out through trial and error
• receives a reward
• when put back it finds its way out faster
• behavior is “stamped in” now

Question 8

what does “positive” mean in operant conditioning?

Answer 8

adding something

Question 9

what does “negative” mean in operant conditioning?

Answer 9

taking something away

Question 10

what does “reinforcement” mean in operant conditioning

Answer 10

a behavior increases/strengthens

Question 11

what does “punishment” mean in operant conditioning

Answer 11

a behavior decreases/weakens