10.9 Vitamins

Question 1

What are vitamins?

Answer 1

nutrients which must be included in the diet because they cannot be synthesized by the body

Question 2

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 2

A
D
E
K

Question 3

What is vitamin A?

Answer 3

retinol; visual pigment that changes conformation in response to light

Question 4

What is vitamin D?

Answer 4

stimulates calcium absorption from the gut and helps control calcium deposition in bones

Question 5

What is vitamin E?

Answer 5

prevents oxidation of unsaturated fats

Question 6

What is vitamin K?

Answer 6

necessary for formation of blood coagulation factors

Question 7

What is vitamin B1?

Answer 7

thiamine; needed for enzymatic decarboxylation

Question 8

What is vitamin B2?

Answer 8

riboflavin; made into FAD which is an electron transporter

Question 9

What is vitamin B3?

Answer 9

niacin; made into NAD which is an electron transporter

Question 10

What is vitamin B6?

Answer 10

pyridoxine; coenzyme involved in protein and amino acid metabolism

Question 11

What is vitamin B12?

Answer 11

cobalamin; coenzyme involved in the reduction of nucleotides to deoxynucleotides

Question 12

What is vitamin C?

Answer 12

ascorbic acid; collagen formation

Question 13

What is biotin?

Answer 13

prosthetic group essential for transport of carbon dioxide groups

Question 14

What is folate?

Answer 14

enzyme cofactor used in transport of methylene groups, synthesis of purines and thymine, and required for normal fetal nervous system development