10.5: Certification (a) General

Question 1

Answer 1

Option B - issued before a Certificate of Airworthiness

A CofA is issued IAW Part-21

ARC is done as part of Part-M

Question 2

Answer 2

Option C: prerequisite to the issue of a C of A

‘The type-certificate for the aircraft design is a pre-requisite for each series aircraft Certificate of Airworthiness issue.

Question 3

Answer 3

Option A: IR Part-21

Question 4

Answer 4

Option B: JAR-25

Question 5

Answer 5

Option B: all aircraft of a type (e.g A340)

Question 6

Answer 6

Option B: by the manufacturer

'’The certificate of design certifies that the aircraft design conforms to BCARs or EASAs as appropriate and signed by the chief designer’’

Question 7

Answer 7

Option C: that the aircraft meets current stated design requirements BCARs/EASA as specified

'’The certificate of design certifies that the aircraft design conforms to BCARs or EASAs as appropriate and is signed by the chief designer’’

Question 8

Answer 8

Option C: only for the aircraft that it has produced

Question 9

Answer 9

B or C

A new engine but similar to one previously investigated by the CAA for the issue of a British type certificate OR a type of engine which has not been evaluated by the CAA before for the purpose of the issue of a British

Question 10

Answer 10

Option C: shows approval of the design by the CAA but will not necessarily be approved under EASA.

‘’Aircraft could be certified (in UK) to BCAR Section D, which would not confer automatic type certification by EASA. However, all new aircraft will be certified to Part-21 CS 25, which would confer automatic type certification across EASA states.

Question 11

Answer 11

Option B: EASA Part-21 subpart J

Part-21 subpart J corresponds to Design Organisation Approval (J for Josh who done Engineeing and can design planes)

Part-21 subpart G - Production Organisation Approval

Question 12

Answer 12

Option C: a prototype aircraft

Question 13

1. What EU Regulation contains Certification Specifications?

Answer 13

Regulation (EU) No. 748/2012

Question 14

2. What are Certification Standards?

Answer 14

Certification Specifications are those specifications to which designers are required to demonstrate that their new products comply with

Question 15

3. What products are the following the Certification Specifications for:

CS 23?

CS 25?

CS 27?

Answer 15

CS-23 Normal, Utility, Aerobatic and Commuter Aeroplanes

CS-25 Large Aeroplanes

CS 27 Small Rotorcraft

Question 16

4. Where would you find Certification Standards for Engine Fire Protection?

Answer 16

CS-E = Engines

Subpart E: Power Plant

This Subpart contains the requirements for power plant installations and related systems (like fuel, oil, exhaust systems, etc.). Power plant controls, accessories, and fire protection are also considered.

Question 17

5. Under what CS would Rolls Royce certify their engines for approval?

Answer 17

CS-E Engines

Question 18

6. What do the following refer to:

Part-21 Subpart G?

Part-21 Subpart J?

Part-21 Subpart B?

Answer 18

Part-21 Subpart G - Production Organisation Approval (POA)

Part-21 Subpart J - Design Organisation Approval (DOA)

Part-21 Subpart B - Type Certification:

Type Certification is required for any Aircraft, Engine (including APUs) or Propeller.

After investigation by the EASA, the Type Certificate is issued. Note that a type certificate is not an authority to fly. A valid Certificate of Airworthiness is required for each aircraft which the type certificate is issued before that aircraft can go into service

Question 19

7. Who issues type certificates within the EU states?

Answer 19

EASA

‘’The manufacturer of the aircraft is normally the applicant for a type certificate. Any manufacturer within the EU must apply directly to EASA for type approval.

It is normal for bilateral agreements to be in place to recognise type certificates from, amongst others, the USA, Canada and Brazil’’

Question 20

8. What is the purpose of Supplemental Type Certification (STC)?

Answer 20

Part-21 Subpart E - Supplemental Type Certification

Any alteration to a product by introducing a major change, not sufficient to require a new application for a type certificate, applies to the authority for a Supplemental Type Certificate.

Example if you want Wifi but Boeing doesn’t offer this, you need STC as it is a major change to aircraft or Passenger aeroplane being transformed into a cargo aeroplane.

Note: Doesnt have to be manufacturer but can be

Question 21

9. Give 2 examples where supplemental Type Certification might be required

Answer 21

1. Agricultural system for crop spraying to be installed on a type certified aircraft
2. A passenger transport aeroplane can be transformed into a cargo aeroplane

Question 22

10. How does a Type Certificate holder ensure that instructions for airworthiness are available to all operators?

Answer 22

The holder of the type-certificate or restricted-certificate shall furnish at least one set of complete instructions for continued airworthiness, comprising decriptive data and accomplishment instructions prepared in accordance with the applicable type-certification basis, to each known owner of one or more aircraft, engine or propeller upon its delivery or upon issue of the first certificate of airworthiness for the affected aircraft, whichever occurs later and thereafter make those instructions available on request to any other person required to comply with any of the terms of those instructions.

In addition, changes to the instructions for continued airworthiness is made available to all known operators of the product and is made available on request to any person required to comply with any of those instructions. A programme showing how changes to the instructions for continued airworthiness are distributed is submitted to EAS

Question 23

11. What is a Minor change and Who can authorize minor changes to type design?

Answer 23

Minor Changes are those that have no appreciable effect on the mass, balance, structural strength, reliability, operational characteristics (noise, fuel venting, exhaust emissions), or other characteristics affecting the airworthiness of the product.

Minor changes in a type design are approved by EASA, or by appropriately approved design organisation under a procedure with EASA

Don’t need to go to EASA, can be part 21 Subpart J

Question 24

12. Who can authorize major changes to type design?

Answer 24

Major changes must be approved by EASA

• For an aircraft, an application for a new TC is required if the proposed change is - the number of engines or rotors
• To engines or rotors using different principles of operation
• For an engine, an application for a new TC is required if the proposed change is in the principle of operation
• For a propeller an application for a new TC is required if the proposed change is in the number of blades or principle of pitch change operation

Question 25

13. How does an approved production organisation ensure the quality of components sourced from subcontractors?

Answer 25

An ETSO (European Technical Standard Order) authorization represents one way (and not the only way) to have parts and appliances approved. This is an optional step which ensures that a part or appliance complies with a minimum performance standard

Question 26

14. When would a component be certified under European Technical Standard Order Authorization (ETSO)?

Answer 26

ETSO Authorisation would normally be applied for whenever a component is likely to be fitted to several types of aircraft

Question 27

What do the following mean:

CS-23

CS-25

CS-27

CS-29

CS-GEN-MMEL

Answer 27

CS-23 Normal, Utility, Aerobatic and Commuter Aeroplanes

CS-25 Large Aeroplanes

CS-27 Small Rotorcraft

CS-29 Large Rotorcraft

CS-GEN-MMEL Generic Master Minimum Equipment List