10.4 Coastal erosion landforms Flashcards
What is a landform?
➢ Is a feature of the landscape that has been formed or sculpted by processes of:
➢ erosion
➢ transportation
➢ deposition
What happens when waves come in contact with resistant hard rock such as granite and chalk?
➢ Form cliffs and headlands
What happens when waves come in contact with less resistant rocks such as clay and sand?
➢ Forms bays
➢ Forms low-lying stretches of coastline
What are faults?
➢ Cracks in rocks
What is included in geological structure?
➢ Includes the way that layers of rocks are folded or tilted
What is a wave-cut platform?
➢ A gentle sloping rocky platform
What happens when waves break against a cliff?
➢ Erosion wears away the cliff to form a wave-cut notch
➢ Over hundreds of years the notch will get deeper
➢ Which undercuts the cliff and collapses
How are caves formed?
➢ Lines of weakness in a headland - such as faults are weak to erosion
➢ The energy of the waves wears away the rock along a line of weakness to form a cave
➢ Process of hydraulic action and abrasion widen the joint or a fault to form a cave
How are arches formed?
➢ When overtime erosion may lead to two back-to-back caves breaking through a headland to form an arch
How is a stack formed?
➢ Gradually the arch is enlarged by erosion at the base and by weathering processes such as freeze-thaw which is acting on the roof
➢ Eventually, the roof will be working away and collapses to form an isolated pillar of rock know as a stack
