ASA 103 Review Questions Flashcards
A ____-_____ cockpit allows water to escape overboard, either by way of _______ or through the ______.
self-bailing or self-draining; scuppers or the transom
A ____ is used to adjust tension in standing rigging cables
Turnbuckle
When going forward on the sidedeck, it is safer to walk along the _____ side of the boat.
Windward or high
Cleaning supplies, fenders, a boathook, spare lines and even extra sails can be stowed in the _____ _____.
cockpit locker
If the wheel system fails, then an _____ _____ may be fitted to the _____ _____ to allow steering to resume.
emergency tiller; rudder post
The space beneath the cabin sole is called the _____.
bilge
To prevent accidental leaks due to hose failure, it is good practice to close all ______ when leaving the boat unattended.
seacocks
Type “B” fire extinguishers are used to combat _____ based fires.
flammable liquid or petroleum
Most sailboat electrical fixtures such as lights and pumps run on ____ volts ____ power, which is provided by the _____ _____.
12; DC; house batteries
When connected to _____ (110v AC), the battery voltage is maintained using a battery _____. While motoring, the engine-mounted ______ charges the batteries.
shorepower; charger; alternator
The battery _____ switch is usually a dial-type fixture that allows a choice to be made between house and _____ battery banks.
selector; starting
A pre-departure on-deck inspection should include looking for missing _____ ______.
cotter pins or rings
Once the auxiliary engine is started, it is important to check that ____ is _____ out of the ______.
water; flowing; exhaust
A diesel engine is stopped by shutting off the ____ supply.
fuel
When shifting from forward to reverse gear (or vice versa) it is critical to pause in _______ for a second or two. Why?
neutral; allow propeller to slow to a stop
The tendency of the stern of the boat to be pushed sideways when the engine is in reverse gear is called ____ _____.
prop walk
With the engine in reverse gear, a right-handed propeller will likely cause the stern to walk to _____.
port (and a left-handed propeller will walk starboard)
A vessel with divers in the water may display either a ____ ____ flag (describe it) or International Code flag ____ (describe it.)
recreational diver which is red with diagonal white stripe; an international “A” flag which has vertical white and blue swallowtail
Identify: turnbuckle; chainplate; toerail; hatch; cockpit coaming; cockpit sole; companionway; primary winch; binnacle; stemhead fitting; galley; saloon; chart table; v-berth; head; quarter berth; portlight; fixed light; locker; cabin sole
stemhead fitting is the attachment point for the forestay
Identify: turnbuckle; chainplate; toerail; hatch; cockpit coaming; cockpit sole; companionway; primary winch; binnacle; stemhead fitting; galley; saloon; chart table; v-berth; head; quarter berty; portlight; fixed light; locker; cabin sole
stemhead fitting is the attachment point for the forestay
The ____ has ultimate responsibility for the safety of the _____, ______, and ______.
captain/skipper vessel, crew and passengers
A ______ may be made of webbing or line and has a clip on either end. One end commonly attaches to a _____ _____ worn by the crew, the other end is secured to a strong pad-eye or _____.
tether; safety harness; jackline
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Other than the federally required items, ASA recommends the following additional equipment be carried on board (name at least 10)
Communications (2) Boat equipment (7) Navigation aids (3) Skipper tools (4) Safety (1)
Communications - VHF radio - Celll phone Boat equipment - anchor - boat hook - spare lines - radar reflector - softwood plugs - portable bilge pump - bucket Navigation aids - navigation charts - plotting tools - clock / watch Skipper tools: - knife - general tool kit - binoculars - flashlight Safety - first-aid kit
When a sailboat with wheel steering is hove-to, the wheel would be fully turned to _____
windward
The amount of oil in the _____ _____ may be checked by withdrawing the ______, wiping, dipping and reading.
auxiliary engine; dipstick
The ___-____ ____ helps prevent grass, seaweed, and other undersirable debris from entering the engine’s _____ _____.
raw-water strainer; cooling system
To help prevent diesel spills, it is better to fill the tank _____.
slowly
It is illegal to dump _____, _____ _____, and _____ anywhere in the ocean or inland waters
plastic, diesel fuel, oil
Small items of food waste, paper and glass may be legally discharged if the vessel is more than ____ off-shore.
three miles
Most water-heater appliances have two ways of heating water – either from the _____’s ____ ____, or from ______ ______.
engine’s cooling system, shorepower electricity
A marine toilet must be connected to a ____ ____ device, which on most boats is a _____ _____.
marine sanitation; holding tank
Ways to reduce weather helm and excessive healing include (name at least three)
crew to windward side
heading up into wind; easing the mainsheet; lowering the traveller leeward;
flatten the sail (tightening adjustable backstay; tightening the outhaul; tightening halyard and cunningham)
reefing the mainsail
Tightening the _____ decreases the _____ or “____” of the mainsail
outhaul; draft/depth; “belly”
One way that twist in the jib can be adjusted is with the position of the _____ ___. If the jib has too much twist, move it ____. If it needs more twist, move it ____.
jibsheet cars; forward; aft
When reefing the mainsail while underway, it is better to keep the boat moving on a _____ _____ point of sail.
close reach
When reefing the mainsail, once the new _____ is established, take up the _____ again until the ____ is tight, then tighten the _____.
tack; halyard; luff; clew
It is easier to reef or furl the roller-furling jib while on a _____ _____ point of sail.
broad reach
Once the jib is reefed, the ______ should be moved ______ to maintain _____ _____ between the ____ and foot of the sail.
jibsheet car; forward; balanced tension; leech and foot
When heaving-to, the ____-_____ _____ and the _____-_____ _____ are in _______, causing the boat to sail very slowly with the wind just forward of the ____.
back-winded jib; leeward-positioned mainsail; opposition; beam
When a sailboat with wheel steering is hove-to, the wheel would be fully turned to _____
windward
A vessel is considered to be overtaking another if it is approaching from within an arc up to ___ ____ ___ the _____ on either side of he vessel being overtaken. This total arc of 135 degrees fills the same sector as the _____ _____
22.5 degrees abaft the beam; stern light
Under US Inland Rules of Navigation, some sound signals (whistle blasts) are used to signal ____ and require a _____.
intent; response
In a situation where two power-driven vessels are crossing, one short whistle blast means “I intend to leave you on my _____ side”. In an overtaking situation, one short whistle blast means “I intend to ____ you on your starboard side”
port; pass
If a vessel operating in Inland Waters does not agree or understand the intent of another vessel, then it would sound ____ short whistle blasts. Three short whistle blasts means “I am engaging _____ gear”
five; reversing
Hoisting a _____ ____ will increase the likelihood of being “seen” by a vessel equipped with radar.
radar reflector
A sailing vessel under way at night or in restricted visibility must display _____ lights, which are red and green in color, and a ____ light that is ____ in color.
side; stern; white
The color on top of a horizontally striped red and green beacon or buoy indicates on which side to leave that mark in order to stay in the _____ channel.
preferred
When steering a vessel using a compass, the intended direction is called the _____ and the direction the boat is actually pointing is called the _____.
course; heading
The difference between True and Magnetic direction is called ______. The difference between the Magnetic and _____ direction is called ______.
variation; Compass; deviation
Items that may cause interference with the proper functioning of a compass include (name at least three)
magnets, tools, flashlights, cell phones, speaker in VHF radio, anything containing iron
A distance of one nautical mile is equal to one _____ of latitude. One degree of latitude is equal to ____ nautical miles. Speed units are usually expressed in _____, which means ____ ____ ____ ____. Time units are expressed in _____ when using the equation Distance = Speed x Time.
minute; sixty; knots; “nautical miles per hour”; hours
Important considerations for selecting an anchorage include: ____ from wind and waves; _____ ___ so as to not bump another boat; ____ _____ appropriate for the boat ground tackle; and acceptable total _____ including any changes in tidal height.
protection; swinging room; anchor type; depth
To confirm an anchor has set properly, one can observe the anchor _____ for tautness and lack of vibration. Looking ____ at a ______ of two aligned stationary objects can provide additional confirmation of a well-set anchor.
rode; abeam; range
The first response to be taken to correct a dragging anchor is to increase the _____.
scope
As the anchor is being raised with power assist from the engine, the foredeck crew should point ____ the direction of the anchor rode, so the helmsman know which way to _____.
toward; steer
When parallel docking, it is preferable to bring the boat alongside the dock while heading ____ ____ ____, if possible.
into the wind
A _____ _____ is usually the first to be secured when docking, and last to be cast off when departing
spring
For safety reasons, crew should never use their ____ or ____ to fend the boat off. Instead, _____ should be used in between the boat and the dock or piling.
hands; feet; fenders
Most cruising sailboats carry a ____ radio, which can be used not only for emergencies or routine communications with other stations, but also to receive _____ ______ ______.
VHF; local weather forecasts
A significant weather threat faced by sailors is the summer _____, which can develop relatively quickly and be accompanied by ____ _____ and _____ _____.
thunderstorms; high winds; intense rain
Fog often occurs when it is ____ and _____ ashore; and the water ____ ____ ____
hot and humid ashore; water temperature is cool
The greatest tidal range is usually observed during ____ tides, when the moon is either ____ or _____.
spring; full or new
As the tide comes in (tide height goes from low to high), a _____ current may be generated, depending on local geography. When the tide is going out, it is call an _____ current. If not current is flowing, it is said to be _____ water.
flood; ebb; slack
When sailing in a current, the direction the current is flowing is called _____, and the drift is the ____ of that current.
set; speed
If the boat runs aground, the first action to be taken is to _____ sheets if sailing, or shift the engine to _____ if under power.
ease; neutral
A ______ is a portable anchor that can be used to help haul a boat off a grounding
kedge
If the boat has a serious leak, the following actions should be performed immediately (5)
Notify the crew and tighten safety approach; operate pumps; find source of leak; stem the leak; decide next actions
If a shroud or stay fails, the most important thing is to keep the mast ____ _____ by relieving ____ and providing additional support, perhaps with a ____ _____ if available.
mast standing upright; strain; spare halyard
One major benefit of using the Quick Stop man-overboard recovery is
that the boat stays _____ to the MOB
Name at least 3 potential sources of fire or explosion on board a sailboat with an auxiliary engine
faulty electrical wiring; outboard engine fuel (gasoline), cooking fuel (alcohol or propane), engine fuel leak (diesel)
One major benefit of using the Quick Stop man-overboard recovery is
that the boat stays closer to the MOB
Using the Quick Stop recovery method, the first boat maneuver is (after first _____ _____ and _____ _____ _____) is to ____, leaving the _____ _____ (on its cleat or self-tailing winch) so that the jib is backwinded after the tack.
deploying floatation; assigning a spotter; tack; jibsheet
A MOB in cold water should assume the _____ _____ so as to minimize the loss of body heat.
Heat Escape Lessening Position (HELP)
A person suffering from Stage 2 (moderate) hypothermia should treated by (true or false): removing wet clothing; massaging arms and legs; covering head and body with blankets, add body heat from another person; administering fluids, including alcohol
True; False; True; False
When planning a passage, it is important to identify alternative ______ in case of poor weather or problems with the vessel
destinations or anchorages
Name at least 5 items of information that should be included in the skipper’s pre-cruise and safety briefing to crew and passengers:
PFDs; fire extinguishers; flares; VHF radio; itinerary; sailing controls orientation (sheets, halyards); dock/slip departure plan; assignment of duties
Between the cleat on the deck and the cleat on the dock, a dock line usually passes through a _____ (a.ka. ________)
fairlead (a.k.a chock)
The anchor stows atop the ______ _______.
stemhead fitting
Name three types of rudders, and describe differences
- Keel-hung; behind and supported by a full boat keel, very protected.
- Skeg-hung; behind and supported by a skeg protection that is separate from the keel itself. Protected.
- Spade; free-standing. Support only by connections within the hull.
Key divisions along the cabin are called
bulkheads
Floor of cabin is called
cabin sole
Why is it called a locker and not a cabinet
because it needs to lock
Name three types of openings from above or side into the cabin
- Hatches, can open
- Deadlights, do not
- Portlights, do
How does a fresh water system work (4 elements)
- Storage tank from external fill or desalinator
- Acccumulator tank (bladder)
- Pressure switch
- Potentially separate hot water accumulator
Waste water (e.g., from sinks) seacocks should be
- Closed when away from the boat for a long period of time
2. Below heel-induced waterline should be closed before being underway
