102 First Aid Flashcards
State the purpose of First Aid
Emergency care before medical arrives
- Save lives
- Prevent Further Injury
- Minimize & Prevent Infection
What are the 6 steps in initial evaluation of a victim
- Situation
- Patient Lying down
- Identify and check injuries
- Consciousness
- Breathing
- Pulse
Possible cause for CARDIAC ARREST
Leaving a severe injury untreated
Possible causes for ASPHYXIATION
Airway obstruction
Possible causes for HEMORRHAGE
-A break in the external or internal Circulatory system, that is creating a blood volume loss
Possible causes for FRACTURES
- Jump landing
- Motor vehicle accident
- blast, or bullet wound
Possible causes for BURNS
- Chemical
- Fire
- Electrical
Possible cause for SHOCK
- Hypovolemic - blood/body fluids
- Neurogenic - failure of nervous system
- Cardiogenic - heart failing to pump blood accurately
- Septic - presence of severe infection
- Anaphylactic - Allergic Reaction
Define and Discuss types of fractures
Open and Closed
- Simple - closed, and not open
- Compound - open fracture, open wound
Signs and Symptoms of fractures
Signs:
- discoloration
- disfigurement
- bruising
- swelling
- difficulty moving
- external wound present
Symptoms:
- numbness
- tingly feeling, due to loss of blood or circulation
- mild to severe pain
Treatment for an ARM fracture
- stop bleeding (dressing)
- carefully straighten
- apply pneumatic splint
- secure ARM to the body with a sling
- pad in armpit/elbow don not straighten
Treatment for Leg fractures (upper, lower)
Stop bleeding
Upper - apply two splints
-armpit to foot
-crotch to foot
-do not move until immobilized
Lower - pneumatic splints
- (3) splits
(1) each size
(1) bottom
Treatment of fractures for JAW
- if it interferes with breathing, pull lower jaw and tongue
- 4 tail bandage to pull forward
- give them knife/scissors to cut bandaid off the mouth
- treat for shock
Treatment of fractures for Nose
- stop nose bleed
- have victim sit quietly tilt backwards
- tell to breath through mouth
- cold compress
Treatment of fractures to SKULL
- keep victim lying down
- if face flushed, raise head and shoulders slightly
- if pale, have victim stay even with body, watch for vomiting
Treatment of fracture to SPINE
- prevent shock
- keep patient warm
- keep them flat
- place on spine board & transport
Treatment of fracture to RIB
- not bound, strapped, or tapped if victim is reasonable comfortable
- if splinting is needed then the arm on the injured side is strapped to the chest
Treatment of fractures (high shoulder)
- if open, stop blood flow & treat wound
- apply a sling and swath splint
- bend victims arm on the injured size, place arm across chest, palm in, hand 4 inches above elbow
What is a SPLINT
- any firm object
- long enough to reach the joint above and below the fracture
What are the types of BLEEDING
Hemorrhage - veins and arteries
- Venous - Dark red (low oxygen)
- Arterial - Bright red (life threatening) high oxygen
- Capillary - slow/oozing blood
What are the treatments for BLEEDING
- Direct Pressure, Indirect pressure (thumbs, fingers)
- Pressure Point
- Tourniquet
Symptoms and treatment for shock
-Patient Position - on back elevate (6 to 12 inches)
- Control Bleeding
- Direct Pressure
- Elevation
- Pressure Point
- Tourniquet
Discuss the symptoms and treatment for the following all Degree burns
1st Degree - only involves first layer of skin
2nd Degree - first and second layer of skin, skin red and blistered, pain is moderate
3rd Degree - penetrates into muscle, tissue and bone. Pain absent at burn site, considerable scarring
Special Chemical burns - acid/alkalis
Discuss treatment and symptoms of Chemical burns
- acids, alkalis come in contact with the skin
- chemical destruction
- alkali more serious than acid burns (burns deeper)
