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Unit Specific > 102 First Aid > Flashcards

102 First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

State the purpose of First Aid

A

Emergency care before medical arrives

  1. Save lives
  2. Prevent Further Injury
  3. Minimize & Prevent Infection
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2
Q

What are the 6 steps in initial evaluation of a victim

A
  1. Situation
  2. Patient Lying down
  3. Identify and check injuries
  4. Consciousness
  5. Breathing
  6. Pulse
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3
Q

Possible cause for CARDIAC ARREST

A

Leaving a severe injury untreated

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4
Q

Possible causes for ASPHYXIATION

A

Airway obstruction

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5
Q

Possible causes for HEMORRHAGE

A

-A break in the external or internal Circulatory system, that is creating a blood volume loss

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6
Q

Possible causes for FRACTURES

A
  • Jump landing
  • Motor vehicle accident
  • blast, or bullet wound
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7
Q

Possible causes for BURNS

A
  • Chemical
  • Fire
  • Electrical
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8
Q

Possible cause for SHOCK

A
  • Hypovolemic - blood/body fluids
  • Neurogenic - failure of nervous system
  • Cardiogenic - heart failing to pump blood accurately
  • Septic - presence of severe infection
  • Anaphylactic - Allergic Reaction
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9
Q

Define and Discuss types of fractures

A

Open and Closed

  • Simple - closed, and not open
  • Compound - open fracture, open wound
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10
Q

Signs and Symptoms of fractures

A

Signs:

  • discoloration
  • disfigurement
  • bruising
  • swelling
  • difficulty moving
  • external wound present

Symptoms:

  • numbness
  • tingly feeling, due to loss of blood or circulation
  • mild to severe pain
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11
Q

Treatment for an ARM fracture

A
  • stop bleeding (dressing)
  • carefully straighten
  • apply pneumatic splint
  • secure ARM to the body with a sling
  • pad in armpit/elbow don not straighten
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12
Q

Treatment for Leg fractures (upper, lower)

A 
Stop bleeding
Upper -  apply two splints
          -armpit to foot
          -crotch to foot
          -do not move until immobilized

Lower - pneumatic splints

     - (3) splits
         (1) each size
         (1) bottom
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13
Q

Treatment of fractures for JAW

A
  • if it interferes with breathing, pull lower jaw and tongue
  • 4 tail bandage to pull forward
  • give them knife/scissors to cut bandaid off the mouth
  • treat for shock
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14
Q

Treatment of fractures for Nose

A
  • stop nose bleed
  • have victim sit quietly tilt backwards
  • tell to breath through mouth
  • cold compress
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15
Q

Treatment of fractures to SKULL

A
  • keep victim lying down
  • if face flushed, raise head and shoulders slightly
  • if pale, have victim stay even with body, watch for vomiting
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16
Q

Treatment of fracture to SPINE

A
  • prevent shock
  • keep patient warm
  • keep them flat
  • place on spine board & transport
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17
Q

Treatment of fracture to RIB

A
  • not bound, strapped, or tapped if victim is reasonable comfortable
  • if splinting is needed then the arm on the injured side is strapped to the chest
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18
Q

Treatment of fractures (high shoulder)

A
  • if open, stop blood flow & treat wound
  • apply a sling and swath splint
  • bend victims arm on the injured size, place arm across chest, palm in, hand 4 inches above elbow
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19
Q

What is a SPLINT

A
  • any firm object

- long enough to reach the joint above and below the fracture

20
Q

What are the types of BLEEDING

A

Hemorrhage - veins and arteries

  • Venous - Dark red (low oxygen)
  • Arterial - Bright red (life threatening) high oxygen
  • Capillary - slow/oozing blood
21
Q

What are the treatments for BLEEDING

A
  • Direct Pressure, Indirect pressure (thumbs, fingers)
  • Pressure Point
  • Tourniquet
22
Q

Symptoms and treatment for shock

A

-Patient Position - on back elevate (6 to 12 inches)

  • Control Bleeding
    • Direct Pressure
    • Elevation
    • Pressure Point
    • Tourniquet
23
Q

Discuss the symptoms and treatment for the following all Degree burns

A

1st Degree - only involves first layer of skin

2nd Degree - first and second layer of skin, skin red and blistered, pain is moderate

3rd Degree - penetrates into muscle, tissue and bone. Pain absent at burn site, considerable scarring

Special Chemical burns - acid/alkalis

24
Q

Discuss treatment and symptoms of Chemical burns

A
  • acids, alkalis come in contact with the skin
  • chemical destruction
  • alkali more serious than acid burns (burns deeper)
25
Q

Describe treatment for Open Chest wound

A
  • Immediatly seal the wound
  • Firmly secure material adhere, leave corner open
  • lay on affected side
  • treat for shock
26
Q

Describe a Closed Chest wound

A
  • Medical emergency
  • 2 or more ribs broken in at least 2 places
  • a fraction or separation forming a free-floating segment
27
Q

6 steps for Treatment of Chest injuries

A
  1. ABC’s
  2. Locate edges
  3. Stabilize
  4. Prop casualty in semi-sitting position or lay on injured side
  5. Treat for Shock
  6. Request medical assistance immediately
28
Q

Discuss causes for Abdominal Injuries

A

Caused by:

  • severe blows
  • gunshots
  • stabbings

-Most require Surgery

29
Q

Discuss treatment for Abdominal Injuries

A
  1. ABC’s
  2. place in comfortable position
  3. Carefully remove clothing to get a clear idea of the extent of injuries
  4. Treat for Shock
  5. Give nothing by mouth
  6. request medical assistance immediately
30
Q

Discuss treatment for HEAD wounds

A

-Can be open or closed

  • delayed symptoms
    • seizure
    • confusion
    • or personality changes

-treat with particular care as brain damage can occur

31
Q

Discuss treatment for Eye injuries

A
  • cover damaged eye with paper cup and cover the other eye to prevent involuntary use of on eye or other.
  • no rubbing
  • do not remove object from eye
32
Q

Discuss treatment of facial wounds

A
  • make sure tongue or tissues do not block airway
  • position where blood drains out mouth
  • medical attention as soon as possible (if around the eye damage is discovered)
33
Q

What are the 6 methods of transporting a victim

A
  • Stokes stretcher
  • Blanket carry
  • Fireman’s carry
  • 4-Handed Seat Carry
  • Tied Hands Carry
  • Pack Strap Carry
34
Q

Discuss the 3 types of Heat injuries

A
  • Heat Cramps
  • Heat Exhaustion
  • Heat Stroke
35
Q

Discuss Heat Exhaustion

A
  • Excessive Sweating

- most common condition to hot environment exposure

36
Q

Discuss Heat Stroke

A
  • life treating
  • less common more serious

*-causes a breakdown of the sweating mechanism

37
Q

Discuss Heat Cramps

A
  • muscular pain/spasms from loss of SALT
  • Faintness/dizziness
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • exhaustion and fatigue
38
Q

Heat exhaustion Symptoms

A
  1. Moist/Clammy Skin
  2. Pupils Dilated
  3. Normal/Subnormal temperature
39
Q

Symptoms of Heat Stroke

A
  1. Dry Hot skin
  2. pupils constricted
  3. very high body temperature
40
Q

Discuss the two cold injuries

A
  1. Hypothermia

2. Frostbite

41
Q

What causes Hypothermia

A

Body looses heat faster than it can produce it

42
Q

What are the symptoms of hypothermia

A
  • Faint pulse
  • Mentally Slow
  • Slurred/Speech
  • Tissue injury (32 degrees or below)
  • Slow and shallow breaths
43
Q

What causes Frostbite

A
  • it is Tissue injury from exposure to cold.

- signs include numbness, blanching (whitening of skin)

44
Q

How do you treat frostbite

A

-Warm the area using firm steady pressure

45
Q

What are the two types of frostbite

A

Superficial - Skin surface

Deep - below the skin

46
Q

Discuss Treatment for Hypothermia

A
  • Protect casualty from further loss of body heat, re-warm body evenly
  • give hot water bottle

Unit Specific (14 decks)

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