10.1 - Memory models Flashcards
What is encoding?
The conversion of information into codes. (Visual, auditory and semantic)
What aids retrieval?
the amount of knowledge and how well known it is
What is storage?
The retention of information over a period of time
What is the definition of retrieval?
recovering information that has been stored.
How does memory impact our actions?
Memory of a similar situation in the past and what actions were taken and what the outcome was shapes how we will act in the future.
What are the stages of Atkinson and Shiffren’s memory model?
Short term sensory store, short term memory and long term memory
10.What is the short term sensory store?
The first stage of the multi store memory model where pieces of information are held for between 0.25 seconds to 1 second. All stimuli from the environment is is in this stage and selective attention is used here to filter which information is relevant which can then be passed on to the STM. Other information that is deemed not relevant is forgotten at this stage.
What is short term memory?
This is the second store of the multi store memory model where 7 +/- 2 pieces of information can be held at a time and is where all of the decisions that are made. Information can be heled in this stage for roughly 30 seconds. Information at this stage can then be rehearsed to move it on to the LTM . More information can be heled in the STM if chunking is used which is where lots of pieces of information are remembered under one phrase such as a lineout call.
What is the long term memory?
This is where rehearsed information is stored and it has an unlimited capacity and can hold information for long periods of time. If the information has meaning to you it is then more likely to be stored in the long term memory.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the multi-store memory model?
Advantages:
- simplifies the memory process
- explains how people with brain damage may struggle with a certain aspect of memory as it separates the process into stages
Disadvantages:
- overly simplified, doesn’t take different types of information into account
- Does not prove a distinction between memory stages.
What is Craik and Lockhart’s memory model?
The levels of processing model which opposes the idea that there are specific stages of memory and instead looks at how the information is considered and how ‘deeply’ it is processed.
What are the three levels of the processing model?
Structural - how the information looks (shallow)
Phonetic - how the information sounds (shallow)
Semantic - The meaning of the information (deep)
What are the advantages / disadvantages of the levels of processing model?
Advantages:
- Explains how we are more likely to remember information that is more meaningful
- Explains how the longer information is considered the more likely it is to be remembered
Disadvantages:
- The longer it takes to process doesn’t always mean it will be more remembered
- can be hard to define deep
- does not take individual differences into account
