10.1 Glomerular Pathology Flashcards
How does a leaky filter present?
Proteinuria/haematuria
What is nephrotic syndrome?
Where the kidney leaks protein (and causes hypoalbuminaemia and subsequent oedema)
What is nephritic syndrome?
An acute condition where blood is found in the urine.
What is the most likely site of injury in a proteinuria?
Podocytes
Name three primary causes of proteinuria?
Minimal change glomeruloneprhitis.
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
Membranous glomerulonephritis.
What is the cause of minimal change glomerulonephritis?
Unknown circulating factor damages podocytes.
Who is minimal change glomerulonephritis common in?
Childhood/adolescence
What is focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) caused by?
Unknown circulating factor damages podocytes, leaves visible sclerosis on microscopy
What is the difference between minimal change glomerulonephritis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)?
FSGS is more common in adults and is less responsive to steroids.
What is membranous glomerulonephritis?
Commonest cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults.
1/3 remit, 1/3 consistent, 1/3 deteriorate
What is the cause of membranous glomerulonephritis and what does it look like on microscopy?
Immune complex deposits (probably autoimmune).
Thick capillary membranes.
What is a secondary cause of proteinuria?
Diabetes mellitus
-Leads to mesangial sclerosis and BM thickening.
What are causes of haematuria and nephritic syndrome?
IgA nephropathy.
Hereditary nephropathies.
Good pasture syndrome.
Vasculitis.
What is common sign other than haematuria of IgA nephropathy?
Mucosal infections.
In IgA nephropathy where are the IgA containing immune complexes deposited?
Mesangium.
