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Urinary System > 04.2 Control of Blood Pressure > Flashcards

04.2 Control of Blood Pressure Flashcards

1
Q

What stimulates renin release?

A

Reduced NaCl delivery to the distal tubule.
Reduced perfusion pressure in the kidney.
Sympathetic stimulation to the JGA.

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2
Q

What reaction does renin stimulate?

A

Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I.

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3
Q

What catalyses the reaction between Angiotensin I and Angiotensin II?

A

ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme)

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4
Q

What other reaction does ACE also stimulate?

A

Breakdown of bradykinin.

Bradykinin causes bronchoconstriction and vasodilation

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5
Q

What does Angiotensin II do?

A

Vasoconstriction and Sodium and Water retention in the kidney.
Stimulates aldosterone release from the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex.

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6
Q

What is the result of sympathetic nervous system stimulation of the kidney?

A

Constrict the afferent arterioles.
Stimulates release of renin.
Stimulates Na+ reabsorption in the PCT.

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7
Q

Where is ADH released from?

A

Posterior pituitary gland.

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8
Q

What stimulates release of ADH?

A

Increased plasma osmolarity.

Severe hypovolaemia.

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9
Q

What does ADH release result in?

A

Na+ reabsorption.

Vasoconstriction.

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10
Q

Atrial Natriuretic Peptides result in what?

A

Promotes Na+ excretion by vasodilation of afferent arteriole and inhibiting Na+ reabsorption.

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11
Q

What stimulates the release of ANP?

A

Stretching of the atria.

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12
Q

Where is renin released from?

A

Granular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

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13
Q

What are prostaglandins important for?

A

Vasodilatation which buffers against excessive vasoconstriction.

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14
Q

What drugs would you not give a patient with decreased renal perfusion and why?

A

NSAIDs.
NSAIDs inhibit cyclo-oxygenate which produces prostaglandins.
Therefore giving NSAIDs can result in acute renal failure.

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15
Q

What is the result of dopamine on the kidneys?

A

Vasodilation of afferent arteriole.

Reduce Na+ reabsorption.

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16
Q

What is the classification of mild hypertension?

A

Greater than 140/90 mmHg

17
Q

What is the classification of moderate hypertension?

A

Greater than 160/100 mmHg

18
Q

What is the classification of severe hypertension?

A

Greater than 180/110 mmHg

19
Q

What are the causes of primary/essential hypertension?

A

Unknown.

20
Q

What are causes of secondary hypertension?

A 
Renovascular disease.
Chronic renal disease.
Aldosteronism.
Cushing's syndrome.
Phaeochromocytoma.
Conn's syndrome.
21
Q

How can hypertension be treated?

A

ACE inhibitors/Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
Diuretics
Vasodilators (alpha 1 blockers/calcium channel blockers)
Beta blockers (used if previous MI)
Lifestyle modifications

Urinary System (21 decks)

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