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GEM > 1.01 Embryonic/Fetal GI > Flashcards

1.01 Embryonic/Fetal GI Flashcards

1
Q

When does cranial/caudal and lateral folding take place and what do they form?

A

Week 4
cranial = foregut
lateral = midgut
caudal= hindgut

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2
Q

Dorsal and ventral mesentery remnants as related to the peritoneal cavity development correspond to what adult structures?

A

Primary (dorsal) and secondary (ventral) retroperitoneal organs

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3
Q

Embryonic diaphragm is made up of what?

A

Septum transversum (central tendon)
Pleuroperitoneal membranes
Dorsal mesentery of esophagus
Muscular ingrowth lateral walls

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4
Q

When do the primordial gut tube membranes rupture?

A

Week 4 - oropharnyngeal
Week 7 - cloacal

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5
Q

What kind of tissue are the gut structures, epithelium at gut tube, and glands derived from?

A

Endoderm

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6
Q

What kind of tissue are the stomodeum and anal pit that lead to epithelium at either end of the gut tube derived from?

A

Ectoderm

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7
Q

What is the blood supply to the foregut?

A

Celiac trunk

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8
Q

What are the derivatives of the foregut?

A

Primordial pharynx
Lower respiratory system
Esophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
Liver, biliary, and pancreas

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9
Q

When is the lumen for the esophagus recanalized?

A

Week 8 (End)

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10
Q

How does the stomach grow starting as a slight dilation of the foregut at Week 4?

A

Ventrodorsally (dorsal end faster) 90 clockwise

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11
Q

What sides of the stomach correspond to the ventral and dorsal stomach?

A

Ventral = left stomach
Dorsal = right stomach

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12
Q

What landmark marks the separation of blood supply and the foregut from the midgut?

A

Duodenal papilla

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13
Q

Where is the foregut in relation to the duodenal papilla?

A

Proximal

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14
Q

Where is the midgut relative to the duodenal papilla?

A

Distal

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15
Q

What is the midgut blood supply?

A

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA)

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16
Q

When is the duodenum recanalized?

A

Week 8 End of (like the esophagus)

17
Q

Where does the duodenal loop go with the rotation of the stomach?

A

Retroperitoneal

18
Q

What is the cranial and caudal breakdown of the hepatic diverticulum that develops between week 5-10?

A

Cranial = liver primordium
Caudal = gallbladder

19
Q

When does hematopoiesis and bile formation become functional in development?

A

Week 6 & Week 12

20
Q

What gives newborn meconium its dark green color?

A

Bile that first enters the duodenum in week 13

21
Q

What tissue makes up the fibrous and hematopoietic tissue of the liver?

A

Mesoderm

22
Q

What are the adult derivatives of the midgut?

A

Small intestine (distal duodenal papilla) = jejunum + ileum
Large intestine = cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 transverse colon

23
Q

What causes the physiological umbilical herniation at week 6?

A

Midgut growing ventrally to make the umbilical cord

24
Q

What is the midgut rotation order? Total?

A

270 counter clockwise
90 - cranial - right
90 - caudal - right
90 - caudal - left

25
Q

The additional rotation often large intestine to bring cecum to the RLQ pushes what two structures back to become secondary retroperitoneal?

A

Pancreas and duodenum

26
Q

What are the adult derivatives of the hindgut?

A

Large intestine (distal 1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon)
Urinary bladder epithelium
Urethra

27
Q

What gives rise to the rectum, bladder, and primordial genitalia?

A

cloaca

28
Q

What separates the cloaca into the urogenital sinus, rectum, and anal canal?

A

Urorectal septum

29
Q

What connects to the cloaca ventrally?

A

Allantois

30
Q

What part of anal canal is derived from the hindgut endoderm?

A

Superior 2/3

31
Q

What part of the anal canal makes up the anal pit from ectoderm?

A

Inferior 1/3

32
Q

What is the supply and innervation of the superior anal canal?

A

Superior rectal artery and autonomics

33
Q

What is the supply and innervation of the inferiority anal canal?

A

Inferior rectal aa. And inferior rectal nerve

34
Q

What separates the anal canal, where is it, and how can you tell?

A

Pectinate line
Inferior border of anal folds
Epithelium columnar —> stratified squamous

35
Q

What does the primordial gut tube come from?

A

Endoderm from the umbilical vesicle

36
Q

The bladder epithelium and urethra are derived from what?

A

Hindgut

37
Q

The intraembryonic coelom folds into what embryonic body cavities?

A

Pericardial cavity
Two pericardialperitoneal canals
Peritoneal cavity

GEM (28 decks)

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