10 - Prejudice and Discrimination Flashcards
Prejudice?
Unfavourable attitude towards a social group and its members
Dehumanisation?
Stripping people of their dignity and humanity
Genocide?
The ultimate expression of prejudice by exterminating an entire social group
Three component attitude model?
An attitude consists of cognitive, affective and behavioural components. This threefold division has an ancient heritage, stressing thought, feeling and action as basic to human experience
Three components of attitude?
- cognitive - beliefs about a group
- affective - strong feelings (usually negative) about a group and the qualities it is believed to possess
- conative - intentions to behave in certain ways towards a group
Sexism?
Prejudice and discrimination against people based on their gender
Sex Role?
Behaviour deemed sex-stereotipically appropriate
Role congruity theory?
When people behave in ways that are inconsistent with role expectation, observers react negatively. Mainly applied to gender gap in leadership - because social stereotypes of women are inconsistent with people’s schemas of effective leadership, women are evaluated as poor leaders
Gender?
Sex stereotypical attributes of a person
Face-ism?
Media depiction that gives greater prominence to the head and less prominence to the body for men, but vice versa for women
Ambivalent sexism theory?
- benevolent attitudes towards traditional women who need protection, are attractive and who accept gender role division
- hostile attitudes towards non traditional women, who are independent, competitive and don’t accept their ‘place’
Racism?
Prejudice and discrimination against people based on their ethnicity or race
Implicit association test?
Reaction time test to measure attitudes - particularly those unpopular attitudes that people might conceal
Ageism?
Prejudice and discrimination against people based on their age
Distinct generational stereotypes?
- Traditionalists - practical, patient, loyal hardworking, respectful of authority and inclined to follow rules
- Baby boomers - optimistic, valuing teamwork and cooperation, ambitious and often workaholics
- Generation X - sceptical, self-reliant risk-takers who strive to balance work and personal life
- Millennials - hopeful, value meaningful work, diversity, change and possessing technological skills
Tokenism?
The practice of publicly making small concessions to a minority group in order to deflect accusations of prejudice and discrimination
Reverse Discrimination?
The practice of publicly being prejudiced in favour of a minority group in order to deflect accusation of prejudice and discrimination against that group
Mere exposure effect?
Repeated exposure to an object results in greater attraction to that object
Frustration-aggression stereotype?
Theory that all frustration leads to aggression, and all aggression comes from frustration. Used to explain prejudice and intergroup aggression
Scapegoat?
Individual or group that becomes the target for anger and frustration caused by a different individual or group or some other set of circumstances
Displacement?
Psychodynamic concept referring to the transfer of negative feelings on to an individual or group other than that which originally caused the negative feelings
Collective behaviour?
The behaviour of people en masse - such as in a crowd, protest or riot
Relative deprivation?
A sense of having less than we feel entitled to
Authoritarian personality?
Personality syndrome originating in childhood that predisposed individuals to be prejudiced
Dogmatism?
Cognitive style that is rigid and intolerant and predisposes people to be prejudiced
Three component of authoritarianism?
- conventionalism - adherence to societal conventions endorsed by established authorities
- authoritarian aggression - support for aggression towards social deviants
- authoritarian submission - submission to society’s established authorities
Social dominance theory?
Theory that attributes prejudice to an individual’s acceptance of an ideology that legitimates ingroup serving hierarchy and domination, and rejects egalitarian ideologies
System justification theory?
Theory that attributes social status to people’s adherence to an ideology that justifies and protects the status quo
Belief congruence theory?
The theory that similar beliefs promote liking and social harmony among people, while dissimilar beliefs produce dislike and prejudice
Minimal Group Paradigm?
Experimental methodology to investigate the effect of social categorisation alone on behaviour
