10. Food and health claims Flashcards
What are the three growth trends in the food market?
Health(modifiction to nutrition content), convenience(in response to changing lifestyle) and indulgence(for people to treat themselves)
costumers buy thighs that meet those 3 requirments
others:
fair trade
animal welfare
sustainability
What’s the content of te main helath claims?
overnutrition hidden hunger diabters CVD cancer bone disease ecc
Examples of labels:
Melts fat ovenight
antioxidants
increases performance
lifespan extension complex
What is a CLAIM?
Any representation which states, suggest or implies that a food has particular characteristics relating his origin or nutritional properties or nature or processing…
IT’S about CONTEXT and client EXPECTATIONS
trademarks, product names, sequence of visuals in TV commercial, front of pack ingrediet…
It doesn’t mattere where the claim is put!
What is a nutrition claim?
Any claim which implies that food has particular BENEFICIAL NUTRITIONAL PROPERTIES due to energy or nutrient or other
Regulation about SUGARS:
low sugar: max 5 g per 100 g solid and 2.5 per 100 ml
sugar free max 0.5 g of sugars
NO added sugar: no mono or disaccharides or any sweetener
reduced sugar: reduction of sugars of at least 30%
What is health claim?
Any representstion that implies that a releshionship exists between a food or a costituen of that food and helath
Why do we need regulation on health calims?
contribute a high level of consumers protection
garatee right of information to consumers
help consumers make informed choices
prevent practices that may mislead the consumers
simplify the law
avoid unfair commertial practices
achieve free movment of foods
health claims in EU
Regulation entered in 2007
to stimulate the scientific requirments related to a nutrition or health claim
Whats’s the scientic criteria fot evaluation of helath claims?
generally accepted scientific evidence
taking into account the totality of available scientific data and wheight the evidence
What a claim must not do:
be false, ambigous or misleding
give rise to doubt about safety or nutritional adequacy of other foods
encourage excess consumption
say taht a balanced diet does not provide enough quantities of nutriends
What article 13 regulation (EC) says?
Health claim:
it refers to role of a nutrient in growth development and the fuction of the body
psychological and behavioural functions
weight control reduction of hanger or icrease sense of satiety
Contain probiotics
contain antioxidants
What article 14 regulation (EC) says?
Reduction of disease risk claims:
consumption of a food reduces risk factor in the development of a disease
What’s EFSA?
European food safety authority
EFSA advices help to protect consumers, animals, environment from food related risks
Whts’ EFSA mission?
To provide scientific advice and scientific and technical support on human nutrition in relation to Community legislation
How are health calims evaluated? 4 regualtory principles:
- Non misleading
- True
- Not medical
- Safe for the general popoulation
EFSA role in evaluation of health:
Health claims are authorized only after scientidfic assessment made by EFSA
What is a risk factor?
A risk factor is associated with the risk of a disease thaty may lead to development of that disease
For reduction of risk factor:
risk factor is predictor of disease risk
relationship between risk factor to development of disease is biologically plausible
ex:
elevated LDL cholesterol for risk of coronary diseases
How a food should be characterized?
clearly defined and measurable
claim based on studies performed with particular nutrients
for plant products, scientific name, part and preparation should be characterized.
for microorganisms species and genetic type identification
for manufacturing processes information shold show cosisntency
main issues by the NDA panel :
food-constituent is defined and characterised
claimed effect is a beneficial phycological effect
a cause effect reletionship is established between consuption of food and claimed effect
Evidence hieatchy in the nutrition sciences:
Human studies: (randomized controlled trials
observation studies
Mechanistic studies:
animal studies and in vistro studies
Which are the outcomes of a scientific assessment?
- cause effect relationship has been established
- evidence provided in insufficient
- there is no relationship
How NDA panel decide if a claim id substantiated?
there is no established formula as to what type or how many studies are needed to substantiate the claim
all evidence is weighted in respect to streght, consistency biologal plausibility
assessing if a specif group is the target
human studies are central for support the claim
What are the pertinet studies?
have the studies been carried with the food?
have human studies used an appropriate outcome?
are the condition equal?
is the chosen group representative?
how the evidence support the claim?
what happens if cause effect are supported?
evakuation of quantity offood to have benefitial effect
proposed conditions are appropriate
claim is ased on data
examples to health claims:
copper continute to normal metabolism
iron contribute to normal oxygen in the body
live coltures in yogurt can help digest lactose
oat beta glucans lower blood cholesterols also plant sterols
calcium and vit D are needed for notmal growth and helthybones
What about ANTIOXIDANTS:
scavange reactive oxygen species
positive for longevity
FREE RADICALS: in high amount are dangerous but they are also involved in cell signaling
cell overwelmerd by radicals aging will take places or if it goes with the stress adaptation take place
remember il caso della KINDER
aiuta a crescere
