10/20 Plant Anatomy Flashcards
plants organized in what?
hierarchy
root is the same as what in a human?
heart
tissue is the same as what in a human?
muscle tissue
organs
composed of several types of tissues that carry out a particular function.
tissue
composed of a group of cells with a common function and structure
what are the three basic plant organs?
roots, stems and leaves
shoot system needs….
water and minerals
root system needs….
photosynthetic products from shoot sys
monocots
have one cotyledon
dicots
have two cotyledon
what are the 3 types of tissues?
dermal, vascular and ground
dermal tissue fx?
protects against dehydration, insects, animals, and pathogens
epidermis
one single layer
waxy coating on leaves and stems
cuticle
fx of cuticle
prevent dehydration and pathogens
stomata
tiny openings on leafs that allows plants to breathe
vascular tissue transport materials between what?
leafs and roots (photosynthetic products)
xylem
transports water and dissolves minerals
phloem
transport organic nutrients (sugars)
cell wall
made up of cellulose
chloroplast
photosynthesis
central vacuole
filled up with water (firmness) makes up cell rigid
root
have vascular tissue in the center (pith)
Stem
have vascular tissue in the edges “ring” (cortex)
plant cells have 3 unique parts
chloroplast, the sites of photosynthesis, central vacuole
Parenchyma
alive(Y), 1cellwall(Y), 2cellwall(N), fx photosynthesis, storage, metabolic process
Collenchyma
alive(Y), 1CW(Y), 2CW(N), fx flexible support, elongate, “string of celery”
Sclerenchyma
alive(N), 1CW(Y), 2CW(Y), fx support
secondary cell wall location
inside
primary cell wall
outside
xylem (water conducting cells)
alive(N), 1CW(Y), 2CW(Y), fx support and water transport (diff, xylem wider and tracheids thinner opening)
tracheids (water conducting cells)
alive(N), 1CW(Y), 2CW(Y), fx support water tansport (similarities openings for water transport)
sieve tube members (sugar conducting cell)
alive(Y), 1CW(Y), 2CW(N), fx transport sugar
companion cell (sugar conducting cell)
alive(Y), 1CW(Y), 2CW(N), fx transport and production of proteins
taproot
carrot, radishes, potato
does not have a endodermis
stem
potato eye
axillary buds
cactus spine and not leafs
too much sun, too much surface area, less water loss
roots fx
anchors plant in the soil, absorb&transport minerals and water, stores food
monocot roots
thin roots spread out shallowly in the soil
dicot root
have one main vertical taproot with many small secondary lateral roots growing outward
root hair
is an extension of an epidermal cell
ex of prop roots
corn
ex aerial roots
orchids
ex of climbing roots
ivy
ex of aquatic roots
water hyacinth
ex sucker root
mistletoe
ex food storage root
carrot
why would farmers harvest carrots, beets or sweet potatoes befor plant’s flower (veggie)
make the flower sweeter
stem fx
support the leaves and flowers
green stem fx
perform photosynthesis
what are buds?
undeveloped shoots
stolons or runners
grow horizontal along the ground surface, reproduce asexually
rhizomes fx
store food and have buds, they spread and form new plants
peeling onion is removing what?
leaves attached to a short stem
leaves
photosynthesis, composed of lamina (blade) and petiole (stalk)
types of leaves
simple leaf, and compound leaf
simple leaf
one blade per leaf, has bud by stem
compound leaf
many distinct blade per leaf, no bud but has bud wher the rachins meet the stem (branch)
epidermis covered by waxy coat?
cuticle and prevents water loss but also prevents gas exchange
trichomes
leaves covered with hairs, fx catch water, reduce airflow and produce wax
palisade mesophyll
tightly packed cells on the upper surface
spongy mesophyll
loosely arranged cells
