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BIO 101 > 10/13 Gymnosperms > Flashcards

10/13 Gymnosperms Flashcards

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1
Q

Seedless plants have tiny gametophytes that are dependent on the…?

A

Sporophyte

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2
Q

Life cycle of a seed plant

A

Heterospory

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3
Q

Heterospory

A

Production of two different size of spores and sexes in the same plant.

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4
Q

microspores

A

smaller, male gametophyte

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5
Q

megaspores

A

larger, female gametophyte

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6
Q

Innovation

A

gametophytes develop from spores that are retain by the sporophyte

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7
Q

sperm

A

travels by pollen

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8
Q

seed plants

A

sporophyte is dominant

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9
Q

pollen grain

A

male gametophyte

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10
Q

sperm no longer needs

A

water

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11
Q

terrestrial adaptations of seed plants

A

female gametophyte develops inside the ovule

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12
Q

Ovule consists of

A

Megasporangium, megaspore and the protective tissue (integument)

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13
Q

Megaspore remain within the…

A

parent sporophyte

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14
Q

Megaspore develops into the..

A

female gametophyte (has one or more eggs)

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15
Q

adaptation

A

sporophyte tissue protects the megasporangium after fertilization.

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16
Q

seedless plants have…

A

vascular tissue in the sporophyte

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17
Q

megasporangium

A

produces spores

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18
Q

female gametophyte

A

in the ovule

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19
Q

ovule develop into seeds when?

A

after fertilization

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20
Q

fact

A

sperm fertilizes the egg –> zygote –> sporophyte embryo

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21
Q

ovule surrounding the embryo is what?

A

seed coat and food supply

22
Q

seeds have 3 generations which are?

A

unfertilized ovule, fertilized ovule and gymnosperm seed

23
Q

pollen grain release how many sperms in the microphyle?

A

2 sperms

24
Q

gymnosperms bear naked seeds where?

A

typically on cones

25
Q

gymnospores have tiny gametophytes where?

A

on its cones

26
Q

second largest group of gymnosperms after conifers?

A

Phylum cycadophyta (cycads)

27
Q

Phylum cycadophyta

A

have fern like features (pinnate leaves)

28
Q

Phylum cycadophyta

A

have cones (non photosynthesizing reproductive structures)

29
Q

Cycads thrived during what era?

A

dinosaur era (today restricted to tropical parts)

30
Q

Cycads are dioecious

A

having the male and female reproductive organs in separate individuals.

31
Q

(cycads) sperm is flagellated but confined where?

A

in the pollen tube

32
Q

Phylum Cycadophyta (cycads).. Zamia pumila only native where?

A

only native in the US

33
Q

Zamia pumila

A

are poisonous and a butterfly consumes it therefore making it poisonous too.

34
Q

Phylum Ginkgophyta (Ginkgo)

A

ginkgo biloba is the only surviving species

35
Q

Phylum Ginkgophyta (Ginkgo)

A

fan like leaves, turn gold in the fall.

36
Q

Phylum Ginkgophyta (Ginkgo)

A

popular in cities because they can tolerate air pollution well.

37
Q

Phylum Ginkgophyta (Ginkgo)

A

sperm are flagellated but confined to a pollen tube

seeds are fleshly

38
Q

Phylum Coniferopyta (conifers)

A

largest group of gymnosperms

39
Q

Phylum coniferopyta (conifers) group include

A

cypresses, pines, redwoods, firs and junipers

40
Q

Phylum Coniferopyta (conifers) form forests where?

A

Northern Hemisphere

41
Q

Evergreen

A

stay green throughout the year, have needle leafs, less surface area, less water and does not hold snow during winter, survive harsh conditions, start photosynthesis right away after winter is over.

42
Q

Conifers

A

used to make paper, pinenuts, wood for houses (rapid growth)

43
Q

Phylum coniferopyta (conifers) SEQUOIAS

A

are the largest living things, can weigh 24 blue whales.

44
Q

Phylum coniferopyta (conifers) REDWOOD

A

are the tallest living thing

45
Q

Phylum Gnetophyta: Ephedra and Welwitschia

A

similarities with angiosperms, flower like strobili, loss of archegonia and double fertilization

46
Q

Phylum Gnetophyta Welwitschia

A

live in SW Africa

47
Q

Phylum Gnetophyta Ephedra

A

found in the US

48
Q

(Seed plants) which generation is the dominant one?

A

sporophyte

49
Q

(Seed plants) which generation disperses the species?

A

sporophyte

50
Q

(Seed plants) what are the key differences between seedless vascular plants and the seed plants?

A

pollen, vascular tissue, larger surface area

BIO 101 (9 decks)

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