1. The Basic Anatomy of Resp

Question 1

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

Answer 1

12

Question 2

Describe the appearance of the thoracic vertebrae

Answer 2

Heart shaped vertebrae with costal facets and demicostal facets as well as a descending spinous process

Question 3

What is the function of the vagus nerve

Answer 3

Provides sensory innervation to the head and neck
Provides motor innervation to some muscles of the throat
Provides parasympathetic innervation to the heart and intestines

Question 4

Describe the course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and its innervation

Answer 4

A pair of nerves (left and right) they branch off the vagus nerve and loop around the arch of aorta. Innervate larynx

Question 5

Describe the pathway of the azygous vein

Answer 5

Receives blood form the intercostal and hemiazygous veins. Drain into the superior vena cava

Question 6

Describe the pathway of the azygous vein

Answer 6

Receives blood form the intercostal and hemiazygous veins. Drain into the superior vena cava

Question 7

Describe the layout of the ribs

Answer 7

12 pairs of ribs,

Ribs 1-7 true ribs
Ribs 8-10 false ribs
Ribs 11 and 12 floating ribs

Question 8

Describe the structure of a typical rib

Answer 8

Head- two articular facets to attach the vertebrae above and on level

Neck- tubercle articulates with the vertebrae body

Costal groove- contains area for veins, arteries and nerve

Question 9

Where does the thoracic duct originate from?

Where does the thoracic duct drain?

Answer 9

Cisterna chyli

Accepts lymphatic fluid from the majority of the body (except superior UQ) drains into left brachiocephalic vein

Question 10

What is every joint of the mid-line of the body?

Answer 10

Secondary cartilaginous (hyaline and fibrocartilage)

Question 11

What 5 muscles assist with breathing

Answer 11

Transversus thoracis,
subcostals,
Outer inner and inner most intercostals.

Question 12

What intercostal muscles assist with breathing in and what assist with breathing out?

What innervates them?

Answer 12

Outer, inner and innermost- breathing in
Inner and innermost- also breathing out

Intercostal nerves (T1-11)

Question 13

What is the job of transversus thoracis

What innervates it?

Answer 13

Slightly depress the ribs

T2-T6

Question 14

Describe how the crus arise?

Answer 14

Right crus- Arises from L1-L3

Left crus- arises from L1-L2 and their intervertebral discs

Question 15

What passes through the diaphragm?

Answer 15

Vena Cava- T8 (IVC, Right phrenic nerve)
Oesophageal Hiatus- T10 (right and left vagus, left gastric artery and vein)
Abdominal aorta-T12 (thoracic duct and azygous vein)

Question 16

What is contained in the root of the lung?

Answer 16

bronchus, pulmonary arteyr, two pulmonary veins, bronchial vessels, pulmonary plexus (nerves and lymphs)

Question 17

Describe the anatomy of the trachea?

Answer 17

Beginnign at the carina he trachea is a continuation of the larynx. It is made up of C shaped rings of cartilage that are supported by the trachealis muscle

The trachea bifurcates in the bronchi at the carina

Question 18

Describe the histology of the respiratory track

Answer 18

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium interspersed by goblet cells

Question 19

Describe the layout of the left lung

Answer 19

Consists of two lobes and a lingula (at the base of the superior lobe)

The superior and inferior lung is seperated by an oblique fissure.

The left lung contains a space in its anterior border for the heart termed the cardiac notch

Question 20

Describe the layout of the right lung

Answer 20

Contains three lobes (superior, middle and inferior).

Seperated by a horizontal and oblique fissure

also contains an eparterial bronchus in the hilum