1 - relations with the nobility

Question 1

Why were nobles a problem for Henry?

Answer 1

nobles could usurp as Henry did, over-mighty subjects had lots of land & wealth & power, Yorkists against Henry

Question 2

How many peers did Edward IV have at the start and end of his reign?

Answer 2

42 peers, 7 major peers -> 46 peers, 12 major peers (increased)

Question 3

How many peers did Henry VII have at the start and end of his reign?

Answer 3

50 peers, 16 major peers -> 35 peers, 10 major peers (decreased)

Question 4

bonds

Answer 4

financial promise (eg. “I broke the lamp so I will pay extra rent this month.”)

Question 5

recognisances

Answer 5

straight-up fine (eg. “I broke the lamp so here is £50.”)

Question 6

local militia

Answer 6

local forces hired in certain regions to defend from attacks and invasions

Question 7

ways Henry controlled the nobility (carrots)

Answer 7

• Yorkists given second chances
• Order of the Garter (prestigious)
• patronage given in return for loyal service (had to prove loyalty)
• ordered summons to the King’s Council (sign of trust)

Question 8

ways Henry controlled the nobility (sticks)

Answer 8

• Acts of Attainder (51 issued between 1504-09)
• bonds & recognisances (issued to 36 of 62 noble families)
• limited retainers (needed a licence, met with heavy fine if not - eg. Lord Burgavenny fined £70,000+)
• feudal rights - Henry profited from arranged marriages of heirs & by exploiting wards’ estates
• Act of Resumption (1486) - took back former crown lands

Question 9

Acts of Attainder (1504-09)

Answer 9

damaged families - lost the right to own land (social & economic disaster)