1. Pharmacology

Question 1

What drugs display zero order kientics

Answer 1

WHAT PET
Warfarin
Heparin
Aspirin
Tolbutamide
Phenytoin
Ethanol
Theophylline

Question 2

conc required to bind 50% of receptors

Answer 2

Kd

Question 3

fraction of the population that responds at each dose against the log of the dose administered

Answer 3

quantal dose response curve

Question 4

maximal effect an agonist can produce if the dose is taken to very high levels

Answer 4

efficacy

Question 5

denotes the amount of drug needed to produce a given affect

Answer 5

potency

Question 6

competitive antagonists shifts dose response curve to the

Answer 6

right

Question 7

non competitie antagonists shifts dose response curve

Answer 7

downward

Question 8

what type of antagonists is dimercaprol

Answer 8

chemical antagonists for lead poisoning

Question 9

what type of antagonists is pralidoxime

Answer 9

chemical antagonists for organophosphate poisoning

Question 10

depletion of thiol cofactors in nitroglycerin tolerance is reversible with administration of

Answer 10

gluthathione

Question 11

what drugs display tachyphylaxis

Answer 11

metoclopramide
ephedrine
dobutamine
LSD
calcitonin
nitrolglycerin
nicotine
hydralazine
desmopressin

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Question 12

idosyncratic drug response with chloramphenicol

Answer 12

aplastic anemia

Question 13

idosyncratic drug response with allopurinol

Answer 13

cataracts

Question 14

volume atw hich drug wold need to be uniformly distributed to produce an observed blood concentration

Answer 14

apparent volume of distribution

Question 15

most important pharmacokinetic parameter to be considered in dosage regimen

Answer 15

clearance

Question 16

half life equation

Answer 16

0.693 x Vd
____________
clearance

Question 17

phase 1 metabolism

Answer 17

functionalization rxn

Question 18

phase 2 metabolism

Answer 18

conjugation rxn

Question 19

Phase 1 reactions

Answer 19

Hydrolysis
Oxidation
Reduction 
DEamination
HORDE

Question 20

75% of drugs are metabolized by

Answer 20

CYP3A4 and CYP2D6

Question 21

most important organ for drug metabolism

Answer 21

liver

Question 22

gender affects metabolism of this drug

Answer 22

alcohol

Question 23

most common strong inducers are

Answer 23

carbamazepine
phenobarbital
phenytoin
rifampin

Question 24

`CYP inducers

Answer 24

Ethanol (chronic ingestion)
barbiturates (secobarbital)
phenytoin
rifampicin
griseofulvin
carbamazepine
St. John’s wort/ smoking

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others
gluthethimide
ritonavir
phenylbutazone - aminopyrine, cortisol, digitoxin

Question 25

CYP inhibitors

Answer 25

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Question 26

induction of changes in the genetic materials of any animal of any age

Answer 26

mutagenesis

Question 27

induction of malignant characteristics of cells

Answer 27

carcinogenesis

Question 28

standard in vitro test for mutagenicity

Answer 28

Ames test

Question 29

in vivo mutagenicity test carried out in mice | male animals exposed to test substance before mating

Answer 29

dominant lethal test

Question 30

high mutagenicity and carcinogenicity drugs

Answer 30

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Question 31

AcH is synthesized from

Answer 31

acetyl coA and choline by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)

Question 32

choline transport is inhibited by | Ach synthesis

Answer 32

hemocholinium

Question 33

Ach is actively transported into vesicles for storage by

Answer 33

VAT | vesicle associated transporter

Question 34

Ach storage is inhibited by

Answer 34

vesamicol

Question 35

this chemical triggers release of Ach which interacts with SNARE proteins (VAMPs and SNAPs)

Answer 35

calcium

Question 36

this poison will prevent release of Ach

Answer 36

botulinum toxin - alter synaptobrevins

Question 37

Ach degraded to

Answer 37

acetate and choline

Question 38

cholinoreceptors in nerve endings

Answer 38

M1

Question 39

cholinoreceptors in | heart muscle, nerve endings

Answer 39

M2

Question 40

effector cells: smooth muscle, glands, endothelium

Answer 40

M3

Question 41

loop diuretics

Answer 41

furosemide bumetanide torsemide ethacrynic acid

Question 42

MOA of loop diuretics

Answer 42

Inhibit Na/K/2Cl transporter in TA: | inc Ca excretion