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Basic Pharmacology > 1. Pharmacology > Flashcards

1. Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs display zero order kientics

A 
WHAT PET
Warfarin
Heparin
Aspirin
Tolbutamide
Phenytoin
Ethanol
Theophylline
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2
Q

conc required to bind 50% of receptors

A

Kd

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3
Q

fraction of the population that responds at each dose against the log of the dose administered

A

quantal dose response curve

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4
Q

maximal effect an agonist can produce if the dose is taken to very high levels

A

efficacy

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5
Q

denotes the amount of drug needed to produce a given affect

A

potency

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6
Q

competitive antagonists shifts dose response curve to the

A

right

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7
Q

non competitie antagonists shifts dose response curve

A

downward

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8
Q

what type of antagonists is dimercaprol

A

chemical antagonists for lead poisoning

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9
Q

what type of antagonists is pralidoxime

A

chemical antagonists for organophosphate poisoning

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10
Q

depletion of thiol cofactors in nitroglycerin tolerance is reversible with administration of

A

gluthathione

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11
Q

what drugs display tachyphylaxis

A 
metoclopramide
ephedrine
dobutamine
LSD
calcitonin
nitrolglycerin
nicotine
hydralazine
desmopressin

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12
Q

idosyncratic drug response with chloramphenicol

A

aplastic anemia

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13
Q

idosyncratic drug response with allopurinol

A

cataracts

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14
Q

volume atw hich drug wold need to be uniformly distributed to produce an observed blood concentration

A

apparent volume of distribution

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15
Q

most important pharmacokinetic parameter to be considered in dosage regimen

A

clearance

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16
Q

half life equation

A

0.693 x Vd
____________
clearance

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17
Q

phase 1 metabolism

A

functionalization rxn

18
Q

phase 2 metabolism

A

conjugation rxn

19
Q

Phase 1 reactions

A 
Hydrolysis
Oxidation
Reduction 
DEamination
HORDE
20
Q

75% of drugs are metabolized by

A

CYP3A4 and CYP2D6

21
Q

most important organ for drug metabolism

A

liver

22
Q

gender affects metabolism of this drug

A

alcohol

23
Q

most common strong inducers are

A

carbamazepine
phenobarbital
phenytoin
rifampin

24
Q

`CYP inducers

A 
Ethanol (chronic ingestion)
barbiturates (secobarbital)
phenytoin
rifampicin
griseofulvin
carbamazepine
St. John’s wort/ smoking

Ethel Booba takes Phenphen and refuses greasy carb shakes

others
gluthethimide
ritonavir
phenylbutazone - aminopyrine, cortisol, digitoxin

25
Q

CYP inhibitors

A 
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
cimetidine
ketoconazole
erythromycin
grapefruit 
ritonavir (acute ingestion)
amiodarone
quinidine
valproic acid
Inhibitors Stop Cyber Kids from Eating GRApefruit QC
26
Q

induction of changes in the genetic materials of any animal of any age

A

mutagenesis

27
Q

induction of malignant characteristics of cells

A

carcinogenesis

28
Q

standard in vitro test for mutagenicity

A

Ames test

29
Q

in vivo mutagenicity test carried out in mice

male animals exposed to test substance before mating

A

dominant lethal test

30
Q

high mutagenicity and carcinogenicity drugs

A 
coal tar
aflatoxin
nitrosamines
urethrane
vinyl chloride
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tobacco smoke (benzo alpha pyrene)
31
Q

AcH is synthesized from

A

acetyl coA and choline by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)

32
Q

choline transport is inhibited by

Ach synthesis

A

hemocholinium

33
Q

Ach is actively transported into vesicles for storage by

A

VAT

vesicle associated transporter

34
Q

Ach storage is inhibited by

A

vesamicol

35
Q

this chemical triggers release of Ach which interacts with SNARE proteins (VAMPs and SNAPs)

A

calcium

36
Q

this poison will prevent release of Ach

A

botulinum toxin - alter synaptobrevins

37
Q

Ach degraded to

A

acetate and choline

38
Q

cholinoreceptors in nerve endings

A

M1

39
Q

cholinoreceptors in

heart muscle, nerve endings

A

M2

40
Q

effector cells: smooth muscle, glands, endothelium

A

M3

41
Q

loop diuretics

A

furosemide
bumetanide
torsemide
ethacrynic acid

42
Q

MOA of loop diuretics

A

Inhibit Na/K/2Cl transporter in TA:

inc Ca excretion

Basic Pharmacology (15 decks)

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