1 ecology definition

Question 1

definition of Ecology

Answer 1

Ecology is the study of the complex inter-
relationships between biotic and abiotic
components of a given area, varying in scale
from local to regional

Question 2

biosphere and ecosphere

Answer 2

The globally interaction of all of the earth’s living organisms with the physical environment

Question 3

two major Ecosystems in the Biosphere

Answer 3

➢ Terrestrial Ecosystem
➢ Aquatic Ecosystem

Question 4

Biotic components of an ecosystem

Answer 4

Plants, Animals, Bacteria and Fungi

Question 5

Abiotic components of an ecosystem

Answer 5

➢ Solar radiation
➢ The Atmosphere
➢ Climate
➢ Water
➢ Soil

Question 6

The solar radiation spectrum
is divided into three regions:

Answer 6

➢ Ultraviolet: Shortwave ultraviolet
rays - wavelengths 0.4 μm downward(Rapid rise)
➢ Visible light: 0.4 to 0.7 μm (Peak)
➢ Infrared: 0.7 μm upward(Decline)

Question 7

Wavelengths on the
spectrum and sun temperature

Answer 7

micrometers (μm; 10-6 m

Question 8

what makes up
most of the incoming radiation? what is most emitted by the Earth?

Answer 8

Shortwave radiation; longwave radiation

Question 9

solar radiation reflexation

Answer 9

30% of solar radiation of is reflected back to space by
clouds, air molecules, dust, haze, and the Earth’s
surface
23% is absorbed by the atmosphere (particularly by
ozone there), clouds and water vapor
47% reaches and is absorbed by the Earth’s surface

Question 10

areas at high latitudes receive less radiation than areas
at the equator because

Answer 10

At the Equator, more incoming radiation is
received per unit ground area at an almost
perpendicular angle
At high latitudes, less radiation is received per
unit ground area from the sun’s lower angles, its
rays spread over a larger surface area, more incoming solar
radiation absorbed, reflected, or scattered before it
reaches the surface

Question 11

Greater radiation is received

Answer 11

at noon than early or late in
the day; in the summer than
the winter

Question 12

Atmospheric Composition

Answer 12

➢ Nitrogen (N2) - 78%
➢ Oxygen (O2) - 21%
➢ Argon (Ar) – 0.09%
➢ Carbon dioxide (CO2) – 0.04%
➢ Others – 0.06%

Question 13

the function of Atmospheric Composition

Answer 13

Carbon dioxide:it is used in the presence of light during
photosynthesis to produce organic matter
Oxygen:sustains life in the biosphere and is a substrate
for metabolic respiration
Nitrogen:unavailable to most organisms,
until nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert
it to biologically available nitrogen
that is used by all organisms to
build proteins

Question 14

The Tropopause

Answer 14

Boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere
16 km in the tropics, 9 km in polar
regions