1 CHALLENGE OF NATURAL HAZARDS (A)

Question 1

what is a natural hazard?

Answer 1

natural process which COULD cause death, injury, disruption to humans or destroy property/ possessions

Question 2

what is a natural disaster?

Answer 2

a natural hazard that has actually happened

Question 3

main types of natural hazard?

Answer 3

.geological hazard
.meteorological hazard

Question 4

what is a geological hazard?

Answer 4

hazard caused by land and tectonic plates

.volcanic eruptions, earthquakes

Question 5

what are meteorological hazards?

Answer 5

hazard caused by weather and climate

.tropical storms

Question 6

what affects the risk from natural hazard?

Answer 6

.VULNERABILITY
-more people in an at risk area, more chances of it affecting them
.CAPACTITY TO COPE
-better a pop can cope, lower risk (HIC afford to build defences..)
.NATURE OF NATURAL HAZARDS
-type (can be monitored)
-frequency (occur more often have a higher risk)
-magnitude (more severe have a bigger affect)

Question 7

effects of natural hazards?

Answer 7

PRIMARY
.immediate impacts (buildings destroyed by earthquake)
SECONDARY
.happen later on
(earthquake trigger tsunami)

Question 8

immediate responses of natural hazards?

Answer 8

.EVACUATE people
.TREAT injured
.RECOVER dead bodies (prevent disease spreading
.temporary SUPPLIES (gas/food/electricity)
.AID from FDI

Question 9

longer term responses to natural hazards?

Answer 9

.REPIAR homes and damages
.RECONNECT broken electricity/gas/water…
.IMPROVE monitoring and evacuation plans
.IMPROVE building regulations - make them stronger…
.BOOST ECONOMIC recovery

Question 10

what is the earths crust divided into?

Answer 10

tectonic plates

Question 11

how do the tectonic plates move and what are they made of?

Answer 11

.convection currents in mantle
.CONTINENTAL CRUST
(thicker/less dense)
.OCEANIC CRUST
(thinner/more dense)

Question 12

types of plate margins?

Answer 12

.destructive
.constructive
.conservative

Question 13

what is a destructive plate margin?

Answer 13

.2 plates move towards each other
O and C meet - volcano and ocean trench
2x continental - fold mountains

Question 14

what is a constructive margin?

Answer 14

2 plates moving away from each other
.magma rises from mantle to fill gap and cools - create new crust

Question 14

what is a conservative margin?

Answer 14

2 plates moving sideways and pass each other OR moving same direction at diff speeds
crust isn’t created or destroyed

Question 15

at what plates margins do volcanoes occur?

Answer 15

CONSTRUCTVE
DESTRUCTIVE

Question 16

at what plate margins do earthquakes occur?

Answer 16

DESTRUCTIVE
CONSTRUCTIVE
CONSERVATIVE

Question 17

example of earthquake in Nepal?

Answer 17

7.8 magnitude in 2015
.Primary effects
-9,000 deaths, 22,000+ injured
-800,000 homes destroyed
-$5 bill damaged

.secondary effects
-triggered avalanches -killed more people
-landslides, lack of clean water

Question 18

how can management reduce effect of tectonic hazards?

Answer 18

MONITORING
early warnings
PREDICTION
nor reliable but can tell movement
PROTECTION
stronger buildings, shut-off gas switches to prevent fires
PLANNING
avoid high risk areas, practise rescuing people, educated on what to do if..