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Molecular Biology Lecture > 1: Biosafety and Biosecurity (PRELIMS) > Flashcards

1: Biosafety and Biosecurity (PRELIMS) Flashcards

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1
Q

A microbial entity capable of replication or transferring genetic material that provokes infections, allergies, toxicity, or other effects in organisms

A

Biological Agent

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2
Q

Are also referred as “infectious agents” that can cause injury to the host

A

Biological Agent

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3
Q

These may be cellular or not and naturally occurring or engineered

Ex: bacteria, fungi, virus, and endo- & ectoparasites

A

Biological Agent

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4
Q

What are the corresponding infections to the given biological agents?

Bacteria: __________
Fungi: ___________
Virus: __________
Endo & Ecto Parasites: _________

A

Bacteria: Bacterial infection
Fungi: Fungal infection
Virus: Viral Infection
Endo & Ecto Parasites: Parasitic infection

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4
Q

Comprised of, containing, or that may contain biological agents or harmful products

Ex: toxins and allergens, lab equipments such as soiled gloves, biological specimen

A

Biological Material

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5
Q

Refers to personnel safety— containment principles, technologies, and practices that prevent unintentional/accidental exposure to biological agents or their unintentional release

A

Biosafety

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6
Q

“Protecting people from bad bugs”

A

Biosafety

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7
Q

The protection, control, and accountability for biological materials in labs prevents their unauthorized access, loss, theft, misuse, diversion, or intentional release

A

Biosecurity

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8
Q

“Protecting bad bugs from bad people”

A

Biosecurity

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9
Q

A concept under biosecurity which are defined as “biological agents are used to cause harm to the environment and others”

A

Biological weapons

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10
Q

Identify if the scenario given is a classification of biosafety or biosecurity:

Recapping of needles

A

Biosafety

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11
Q

Identify if the scenario given is a classification of biosafety or biosecurity:

Lab personnel not provided with PPEs

A

Biosafety

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12
Q

Identify if the scenario given is a classification of biosafety or biosecurity:

Work overload

A

Biosafety

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13
Q

Identify if the scenario given is a classification of biosafety or biosecurity:

Wastes from lab are not segregated

A

Biosafety

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14
Q

Identify if the scenario given is a classification of biosafety or biosecurity:

Lack of staff training

A

Biosafety

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15
Q

Identify if the scenario given is a classification of biosafety or biosecurity:

Staff with huge debt

A

Biosecurity and Biosafety (this is so discriminatory HABDHCBASHBHA EME)

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16
Q

What are the 4 Principles of Biosafety?

A
  1. Standard Microbiological Practices
  2. Safety Equipment
  3. Facility design and construction
  4. Increasing levels of protection

FISS

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17
Q

4 Principles of Biosafety:

→ The most important concept

→ Adherence to standard practices and techniques in handling microorganisms

→ Awareness of hazards and training

Ex: decontamination and aseptic techniques, trainings, programs, seminars, special practices and precautions (occupational health programs)

A

Standard Microbiological Practices

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18
Q

4 Principles of Biosafety:

→ The primary containment barrier

→ The protection of personnel and immediate lab environment from exposure to infectious agents

→ The engineering controls and equipment

Ex: personal protective equipment (PPE) and biosafety cabinets

A

Safety Equipments

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19
Q

4 Principles of Biosafety:

→ The secondary barriers

→ Contributes to worker protection

→ protects the outside of the laboratory

Ex: restricted access from public, autoclaves, directional airflow (ventilation), HEPA filter units (installed in biosafety cabinets), and airlocks at lab entrances

A

Facility design and construction

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20
Q

4 Principles of Biosafety:

→ Biosafety levels 1-4 (BSL)

→ Increasing levels of employee and environmental protection

→Guidelines for working safely in research and clinical laboratory facilities

A

Increasing levels of protection

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21
Q

These are combination of lab practices and procedures, safety equipment (primary), and laboratory facilities (secondary)

A

Biosafety levels

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22
Q

Biosafety levels are also called as?

A

Containment levels

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23
Q

T or F:

The safety level increases the less a specimen poses a threat to the environment and staff

A

F (The safety level increases the MORE a specimen poses a threat to the environment and staff)

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24
Q

Identify what category the biosafety 1 & 2 practices below belong to:

→ biohazard warning signs and symbols must be displayed on doors of rooms

→ only authorized personnel should be allowed to enter the lab working areas

→ lab doors should be kept closed

A

Access

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25
Q

Identify what category the biosafety 1 & 2 practices below belong to:

→ wear PPEs

→ wash hands after handling infectious materials before leaving

→ no eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics, handling contacts, or storing food and drinks

A

Personal Protection

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26
Q

Identify what category the biosafety 1 & 2 practices below belong to:

→ lab should be neat and clean
work surfaces must decontaminated before and after use

→ all contaminated materials must be decontaminated before disposal or cleaned for reuse

→ packing and transportation must follow applicable national and international regulations

→ open windows should be fitted with arthropod-proof (insects) screens

A

Lab Working Areas

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27
Q

Identify what category the biosafety 1 & 2 practices below belong to:

→ it is the lab director’s responsibility to ensure development and adoption of a management plan and safety or operations manual

→ training in lab safety should be provided
there should be an arthropod and rodent control program

→ appropriate medical evaluation, surveillance, and treatment should be provided in case of need, and medical records should be maintained

A

Biosafety Management

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28
Q

What biosafety level are the following practices shown:

→ labs have doors and sinks

→ surfaces are easy to clean as tables are water-resistant (must not be made of wood)

→ windows are screened to prevent arthropod entrance

→ agents are well characterized

→ present minimal potential hazard to lab personnel and the environment

A

Biosafety Level 1

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29
Q

What biosafety level are the following practices shown:

→ all of BSL 1 practices

→ access is restricted to trained personnel

→ lab doors should be self-closing and have locks

→ BSCs are used when there is potential aerosol production

→ sealed centrifuge cups/rotors

→ decontamination methods for lab waste should be available in the facility

A

Biosafety Level 2

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30
Q

What biosafety level are the following practices shown:

→ all of BSL 2 practices

→ access is restricted through a series of 2 self-closing doors

→ all manipulations are done in a BSC, other containment, or when wearing proper PPE

→ protective clothing with a solid front, wrap around gowns, and scrubs or coveralls are worn

→ eye, face, and respiratory protection may be worn

→ a hands-free sink near the exit door (may be foot-operated or sensor-operated)

→ surfaces of walls, floors, and ceilings should be water-resistant

→ directional airflow must be maintained

A

Biosafety Level 3

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31
Q

What biosafety level are the following practices shown:

→ all of BSL 3 practices

→ a separate facility and has a 2- person rule

→ agents handled in class III BSCs or with one-piece positive pressure

→ negative pressure must be maintained in the facility

→ shower out practices

→ lab clothing is decontaminated prior to laundering

→ liquid effluent is decontaminated prior to release to sewer

A

Biosafety Level 4

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32
Q

What Biosafety Level is being described?

Laboratory type: basic teaching, research

A

Biosafety Level 1

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33
Q

What Biosafety Level is being described?

Laboratory practices: Good Microbiological Techniques, protective clothing, biohazard sign

A

Biosafety Level 1

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34
Q

What Biosafety Level is being described?

Safety Equipment: None, open bench work

A

Biosafety Level 1

35
Q

What Biosafety Level is being described?

Laboratory type: Primary health and diagnostic services, research

A

Biosafety Level 2

36
Q

What Biosafety Level is being described?

Laboratory practices: Level 1 practices, Limited access, Biohazard warning signs, Sharps precautions, Biosafety manual (defining any needed waste decontamination/medical surveillance policies)

A

Biosafety Level 2

37
Q

What Biosafety Level is being described?

Safety Equipment: Open bench, BSC for potential aerosols

A

Biosafety Level 2

38
Q

What Biosafety Level is being described?

Laboratory type: Special diagnostic services, research

A

Biosafety Level 3

39
Q

What Biosafety Level is being described?

Safety equipment: BSC, other primary devices for ALL activities

A

Biosafety Level 3

40
Q

What Biosafety Level is being described?

Laboratory practices: Level 2 practices, controlled access, decontamination of waste and laboratory clothing

A

Biosafety Level 3

41
Q

What Biosafety Level is being described?

Laboratory type: Dangerous, pathogen units

A

Biosafety Level 4

42
Q

What Biosafety Level is being described?

Laboratory practices:
Level 3 practices, clothing change before entering, shower on exit, all material decontaminated on exit from facility

A

Biosafety Level 4

43
Q

What Biosafety Level is being described?

Safety equipment: Class III, BSC or positive pressure suits, Class II BSCs, double ended autoclave, filtered air

A

Biosafety Level 4

44
Q

The assignment of microorganisms (acc. to the WHO) into groups based on: pathogenicity, mode of transmission and host range availability of effective preventive measures

A

Risk Groups

45
Q

T or F

Risk groups are based only on severity they cause on people

A

F (also based on diff. characteristics of biological agent)

46
Q

→ No or low individual and community risk

→ Microorganisms unlikely to cause human disease or animal disease

A

Risk Group 1

47
Q

→ Moderate individual risk, low community risk

→ Pathogen can cause human or animal disease but is unlikely to be a serious hazard to lab staff, community, livestock, or environment

→ Treatable and preventable

A

Risk Group 2

48
Q

→ High individual risk, low community risk

→ Pathogen causes serious human or animal disease but isn’t infectious

A

Risk Group 3

49
Q

→ High individual and community risk

→ Pathogen causes serious harm to humans or animals which is directly or indirectly infectious

A

Risk Group 4

50
Q

What are the 4 different organizations in the field of biosafety?

A
  1. American Biological Safety Association (ABSA)
  2. Asia-Pacific Biosafety Association (A-PBA)
  3. European Biological Safety Association (EBSA)
  4. Philippine Biosafety and Biosecurity Association (PhBBA)
51
Q

Regional professional society founded in 1948 to promote biosafety and biosecurity

A

American Biological Safety Association (ABSA)

52
Q

Their goal is to:

→ provide a professional association that represents the interests and needs of practitioners of biological safety

→ to provide a forum for continuous and timely exchange of biosafety information

A

American Biological Safety Association (ABSA)

53
Q

Formed in Feb. 22, 2005 and currently represents over 800 biosafety-practicing professionals from regions across the Asia Pacific

A

Asia-Pacific Biosafety Association (A-PBA)

54
Q

Their goal is to:

→ to provide a forum that represents the regional interests and needs of biological safety practitioners

→ to provide a platform for promoting constructive dialogue between the scientific community, governments, civil societies, and private sectors

A

Asia-Pacific Biosafety Association (A-PBA)

55
Q

a non-profit organization founded in June 1996

A

European Biological Safety Association (EBSA)

56
Q

Different Organizations in the Field of Biosafety

Provides a forum for its members to discuss and debate issues of concern and to represent those working in the field of biosafety and associated activities

A

European Biological Safety Association (EBSA)

57
Q

Different Organizations in the Field of Biosafety:

Ensures a safe and secure environment by adhering to international standards in the handling, use, storage, and transport of pathogens

A

Philippine Biosafety and Biosecurity Association (PhBBA)

58
Q

→ network of individuals with interests in biosafety

→ promotes biosafety and share knowledge

→ develops and exchanges resources and guidance material

→ training and workshops to implement standardization

A

Biosafety Associations

59
Q

What are the 5 Pillars of Biosecurity?

A
  1. information security
  2. physical security
  3. personal security
  4. material and control accountability
  5. transport security
60
Q

What are the 3 additional components added by WHO?

A

1.emergency/incident response plan

  1. emergency biotechnology
  2. Dual use research of concern
61
Q

5 Pillars of Biosecurity:

Assurance of safety from physical intrusion

A

Physical Security

62
Q

What are the 3 factors to consider in physical security?

A
  1. Access control
  2. Access restriction
  3. Facility design
63
Q

Examples of this factor under physical security are CCTV, night vision cameras, motion detectors, sound- recording devices, and physical guards

A

Access control

64
Q

Examples of this factor under physical security are regular or electronic locks, biometric scanners, voice recognition, and ID badges

A

Access restriction

65
Q

What are the 3 levels of protection in physical security?

A
  1. protected area
  2. Limited area
  3. Exclusion area
66
Q

5 Pillars of Biosecurity:

→ Refers to personnel screening

→ Assurance that people who have access to sensitive biological materials should have the appropriate knowledge and credentials

A

Personnel Management

67
Q

5 Pillars of Biosecurity:

→ Keeping the inventories up to date

A

Material Control and Accountability

68
Q

Material Control and Accountability should be based on accountability for pathogens and toxins that include what? (clue: anim ‘to)

A

→ type of organism available (include dates)

→ updated inventory with storage location

→ description of use

→ personnel who has access to them

→ identification of those responsible

→ documentation of internal and external transfer within and between facilities

69
Q

5 Pillars of Biosecurity:

Assurance that sensitive and valuable information stored in the lab is protected from theft

A

Information Security

70
Q

T or F

In information security there should be more discussion in open areas

A

F obvi

71
Q

T or F

To ensure Information Security, one should avoid carrying sensitive information on home computers or storage devices network security

A

T

72
Q

What pillar of biosafety does the example below belong to?

→ hardware firewalls

→ good quality security software (e.g. viruses)—must be licensed and updated

→ user authentication

→ restricted software

A

Information Security

73
Q

What pillar of biosafety does the example below belong to?

A laboratory with a cctv and biometric scanner

A

Physical Security

74
Q

What pillar of biosafety does the example below belong to?

Specimens with description of use, dates of organism

A

Material Control and Accountability

75
Q

5 Pillars of Biosecurity:

→ assurance that the same rigorous process that protects the materials in the lab follow them when they are transported outside the laboratory areas

→ establishing a chain of custody

→ knowing and trusting the recipient

A

Transport Security

76
Q

A concept under Transport security wherein this is considered as the “proper documentation of the specimen status (date, time, and place it was handled)”

A

Chain of Custody

77
Q

What pillar of biosafety does the example below belong to?

Chain of Custody

A

Transport Security

78
Q

What pillar of biosafety does the example below belong to?

Mails, Security softwares

A

Information Security

79
Q

3 additional components added by WHO:

This is based on the original risk assessment and must include who to contact even outside the facility

A

Incident Reporting and Response Plan

80
Q

T or F

A floor plan must be in place to ensure rapid response to any event

A

F duh (An Incident Reporting and Response Plan dapat)

81
Q

T or F

Loss, theft, or unauthorized access to materials must be reported to local law enforcement

A

T

82
Q

T or F

There should be drills implemented regularly as part of Incident Reporting and Response Plan

A

T

83
Q

3 additional components added by WHO:

Technology that utilizes biological processes, organisms, cells, or cellular components to develop new technologies or create different product

Ex: gene editing, human gene transfer, and recombinant technologies

A

Biotechnology

84
Q

3 additional components added by WHO:

→ Measures the risk vs. the benefit of research

→ Life sciences research based on current understanding

→ can be reasonably anticipated to provide knowledge, information, products, or technologies that could be directly misapplied to pose a significant threat with broad potential consequences to public health and safety, agricultural crops, and other plants, animals, environment, materials, or national security

A

Dual-Use Research of Concern
(DURC)

85
Q

Who stated this “DURC can be reasonably anticipated to provide knowledge, information, products, or technologies that could be directly misapplied to pose a significant threat with broad potential consequences to public health and safety, agricultural crops, and other plants, animals, environment, materials, or national security”

A

National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity [NSABB]

Molecular Biology Lecture (17 decks)

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