1 - Amyloids

Question 1

Amyloids are

Answer 1

abnormal aggregates of proteins deposited in organs

Question 2

Amyloid diseases

Answer 2

Alzheimers
Parkinsons
Type II diabetes
Dialysis-related amyloidosis

Question 3

Amyloidosis

Answer 3

Aggregation of proteins into amyloid fibrils

Question 4

For protein aggregation to initiate, soluble proteins must be

Answer 4

unfolded, misfolded, or intrinsically disordered

Question 5

Lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein (LAG3) is important for

Answer 5

endocytic import of fibrillar species

Question 6

Amyloid-beta formation can be inhibited by targeting

Answer 6

beta- and gamma-secretase

Question 7

_____ and ______ are the 2 dominant AB peptides produced by B-secretase and gamma-secretase

Answer 7

AB1-40; AB1-42

Question 8

4 FDA-approved Alzheimer’s drugs

Answer 8

Galantamine
Rivastigmine
Donepezil
Aduhelm

Question 9

Parkinson’s disease is characterized by a

Answer 9

loss of dopamine releasing neurons

Question 10

Lewy bodies

Answer 10

insoluble aggregates in the cytoplasm

Question 11

Surviving neurons in the brain of PD patients have dense spherical protein deposits called

Answer 11

Lewy bodies

Question 12

Size of amyloid assemblies have _______ correlation with toxicity

Answer 12

inverse

Question 13

For amyloids, a small amyloid is _______ toxic

Answer 13

more

Question 14

Techniques to study amyloids

Answer 14

Cryo-EM
X-ray diffraction
FTIR
NMR
Binding amyloid to Congo Red
Light-scattering spectroscopy

Question 15

Amyloids can propagate in vivo via mechanisms involving

Answer 15

cycles of fragmentation and seeding