09 Pigs and Camelids

Question 1

Boar penis anatomy

Answer 1

Fibroelastic penis
Corkscrew shaped glans
Prepucial diverticulum
Caudally oriented testes
No ampulla

Question 2

Sow repro anatomy

Answer 2

Bicornuate uterus
Paired ovaries
Red corpora lutea
Long, twisted cervix

Question 3

3 things to look for in boar ejaculate- breeding soundess exam

Answer 3

Motility
Number of sperm/mL
Morphologiucal abnormalities

Question 4

Puberty in boar

Answer 4

Occurs at 9mo
Testosterone helps penile growth and mounting behavior
Penile frenulum which breaks down during first coitus

Question 5

How long is sow gestation?

Answer 5

114 days

3months, 3 weeks, 3 days

Question 6

Age at puberty- sow

Answer 6

6-7 months

Boar pheromones wil help stimulate estrus in sows, pubery in gilts and mounting behavior in young boars

Question 7

Estrous cycle length and estrus duration-sow

Answer 7

21 days

2-3 days estrus

Question 8

Entry of ova into uterus-sow

Answer 8

4 days

Question 9

Ovulation time from onset of estrus-sow

Answer 9

36-44 hours

Question 10

Litter size sow

Answer 10

Gilts- 8-10

Sow- 10-16

Question 11

Estrous cycle in sow

Answer 11

Non-seasonal polyestrous
Single follicular wave
WILLnot respond to exogenous PGF2a before day 12-13
Ovulation occurs 2/3 prior to end of estrus
Increased number of oocytes–> flush feeding
this is increasing feed intake few days-2 weeks before estrus

Question 12

How to detect estrus in sow?

Answer 12

Standing heat

Back pressure test

Question 13

Pregnancy in sow

Answer 13

100% of oocytes are fertilized
20-30% die within first 30 days
uterine capacity
embryos migrate for 2 weeks

Question 14

Implantation in sow

Answer 14

occurs day 14-18
embryo begins secreting estradiol between 10-11 which is maternal recognition of pregnancy
Sows pregnancy is CL dependent throughout

Question 15

Parturition in sow

Answer 15

Occurs naturally in late afternoon and night
Average farrowing takes 2-5 hours
Pigs delivered at 15 minute intervals
Placentas delivered within 4 hours

Question 16

Induction of parturition in sows

Answer 16

Give PGF2a 2 days before due date
Most will farrow within 36 hours
If no response within 24 hours, can give oxytocin

Question 17

Male anatomy-camelids

Answer 17

Scrotum- non-pendulous, near anus
Testis- vertical orientation
Epidydmis- small, tail of epidydimis is on the dorsal pole of testis
Accessory sex glands- ampulla, prostate, bulbourethral glands, no vesicular glands
Prepuce- urinates backwards between legs and sexual stimulation changes its orientation
Penis- fibroelastic and sigmoid flexure
Glans penis- hook shaped with cartilaginous process that allows for penetration of the cervix

Question 18

What is a special feature of male camelid anatomy?

Answer 18

Urethral recess

Makes unblocking or removing stones very difficult

Question 19

Female anatomy- camelid

Answer 19

Ovary-ovaloid shape and ovulation occurs anywhere on surface
Bicornuate uterus- distinct septum with incomplete fusion
Cervix- external os protrudes into the vestibule “doughnut”
Vagina- long in length
Mammary glands- 8 separate glands and 4 teats with two openings each

Question 20

Female camelids- estrous cycle type

Answer 20

Induced ovulators!
Induction of ovulation by stimulus of orgling and cervical stimulation and release of ovulation inducing factor (OIF) and chemicals such as LH(hCG) and GnRH

Question 21

Length of gestation in camelids

Answer 21

335-360 days
progesterone dependent
prolonged gestation occurs

Question 22

Stages of Parturition

Answer 22

Stage 1- isolation, restlessness, frequent attempts to urinate, hip resting, avg 2-6 hrs
Stage 2- Criate while standing, average is 8-25 mins
Stage 3- placenta passes between 4-6 hours and 34 hours is considered retained

Question 23

Special placental layer in camelids

Answer 23

Epidermal membrane- attached to mucosal membranes

Question 24

Peripartum period in camelids

Answer 24

Uterine involution is complete in 15-20 days post partum and can be bred after that