07 pregnanacy

Question 1

Species with CL as sole source of progesterone

Answer 1

Pig
Goat
Llama 
Cat
Dog

Question 2

Species with CL and placental production of progesterone

Answer 2

Horse
Sheep
Cow

Question 3

Maternal recognition of pregnancy

Answer 3

Luteolysis must be prevented
embryonic secretion of substances
contact with uterine epithelium

Question 4

Ruminants- Maternal recognition of preg

Answer 4

trophoblast cells of conceptus produces INF-t between day 10-21
binds to endometrium and block synthesis of oxytocin receptors therefore oxytocin cant bind and does not stimulate endometrial production of PGF2a

Question 5

Sow- Maternal recognition of preg

Answer 5

conceptus produces estradiol on day 13-15

estrogen causes rerouting of endometrial PGF2a into lumen of uterus and not in general circulation

Question 6

Mare- Maternal recognition of preg

Answer 6

Conceptus must migrate around uterus!

signal not well defined

Question 7

Dog- Maternal recognition of preg

Answer 7

None

CL maintained whether animal is pregnant or not

Question 8

Cat- Maternal recognition of preg

Answer 8

Fetoplacental relaxin stimulates prolactin which is luteotropic and helps support CL

Question 9

Roles of Placenta

Answer 9

nutrient exchange
gas exchange
stores waste
protective 
endocrine organ

Question 10

Distribution of Contact Areas

Answer 10

Diffuse- distributed evenly through sac
horse and pig
Cotyledonary- certain points of contact- maternal caruncle+fetal cotyledon=placentome
ewe, cow
Zonary- zone of contact
dog, cat 
Discoid- contact in 1-2 round areas
man, monkey, rodent

Question 11

Degree of Invasion

Answer 11

Epitheliochorial
5-6 layers
least invasive
mare, sow, cow, sheep goat
Endotheliochorial
4-5 layers
carnivores
Hemochorial
3 layers
primates and rodents

Question 12

Interdigitation of Vasculature

Answer 12

Simple--> Complex
Folded-pig
Lamellar- horses
Trabecular- human
Villous- cow
Labyrinth- dog

Question 13

Degree of Maternal tissue loss

Answer 13

Adeciduate- non-invasive, complete seperation of maternal and fetal tissues. Sow, mare and ruminant
Deciduate- invasive, loss of maternal tissue at parturition. Carnivores, humans, rodents

Question 14

Horse-placenta type

Answer 14

diffuse
epitheliochorial
microcotyledonary
adeciduate

Question 15

Llama- placenta type

Answer 15

diffuse
epitheliochorial
villous
Adeciduate

Question 16

Pig–placenta type

Answer 16

diffuse
epitheliochorial
folded
adeciduate

Question 17

Cow–placenta type

Answer 17

Cotyledonary
Epitheliochorial
Villous
Adeciduate

Question 18

Ewe–placenta type

Answer 18

Cotyledonary
Epitheliochorial
Villous
Adeciduate

Question 19

Goat–placenta type

Answer 19

Cotyledonary
Epitheliochorial
Adeciduate

Question 20

Dog–placenta type

Answer 20

Zonary
Endotheliochorial
Labyrinth
Deciduate

Question 21

Cat-placenta type

Answer 21

Zonary
Endotheliochorial
Labyrinth
Deciduate

Question 22

Primate-placenta type

Answer 22

Discoidal
Hemochorial
Trabecullar
Deciduate

Question 23

Mouse-placenta type

Answer 23

Discoidal
Hemochorial
Labyrinth
Deciduate

Question 24

Ferguson Reflex

Answer 24

Uterine contraction–> cervical stretch–> afferent impulses from cervical stretch receptors–>reflex oxytocin secretion

Question 25

In human when woman is at risk for premature labor, give ____

Answer 25

Gluccocorticoid to accelerate fetal lung development

Question 26

In placenta

Answer 26

fetus releases cortisol which increases biosynthesis therefore decreasing progesterone

Question 27

Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Answer 27

hypothalamus releases CRH which signals to AP to release ACTH which causes adrenal cortex to release cortisol