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Reproduction (2017) > 04 oocyte follicles etc > Flashcards

04 oocyte follicles etc Flashcards

1
Q

Folliculogenesis

A

interwoven with oogenesis

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2
Q

Primordial germ cells

A

stem cells of oogenesis

migrate from yolk sac and multiply by mitosis

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3
Q

Oogonia

A

once primordial germ cells reach genital ridge and loose their motility–> now called oogonia
interconnected by cytoplasmic bridges
multiply by mitosis

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4
Q

Primary oocyte

A

Following mitosis and once meiosis occurs it is called a primary oocyte

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5
Q

Primordial follicle

A

formation occurs during fetal life
pool of resting follicles which are progressively depleted during the life of the female
oocyte loses the intracellular bridges and are enclosed in a single layer of granulosa cells

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6
Q

Primary follicle

A

primary oocyte activates, enlarges, begins to produce zona pellucida. Follicular cells become cuboidal; stromal cells form theca.

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7
Q

Secondary follicle

A 
Oocyte surrounded by many layers of granulosa cells
Zona pellucida is now visible.
Thecal layers begin to elaborate
Follicle has own blood supply
Is sensitive to hormonal regulation
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8
Q

Tertiary or Antral follicle

A

Follicular fluid formed from granulosa cells and blood filtrate accumulates in spaces. When the spaces merge it is an antrum. Granulosa differentiated into columnar corona radiata cells, cumulus cells, and membrana granulosa cells.
Theca interna and externa are also present.

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9
Q

Theca interna

A 
epithelioid steroidogenic cells, blood and lymph capillaries
LH responsive
produces androgen (testosterone)
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10
Q

Granulosa cell

A

FSH responsive
aromatose androgen (testosterone)–>estradiol
Estradiol increases as follicles grow

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11
Q

Theca externa

A

Fibroblastic layer; thecal cone points towards ovarian surface.

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12
Q

Pre-ovulatory of Graafian follicle

A

Fluid filled cavity has reached its max size

Oocyte is located eccentrically within the antrum

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13
Q

Corpus hemorrhagicum

A

results from ruptured blood vessels following ovulation

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14
Q

To form the corpus luteum the

A

granulosa cells become granulosa lutein cells
Theca interna become theca lutein cells
Luteinization= hypertrphy, hyperplasia, accumulation of lipid pigment

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15
Q

What does the corpus luteum produce

A

progesterone

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16
Q

corpus albicans

A

If pregnancy doesn’t occur the corpus luteum degenerates and is invaded by connective tissue.

17
Q

corpus atreticum

A

forms from follicles that fail to complete development.

18
Q

Endometrium

A

tunica mucosa of the uterus. Contains uterine glands, and lamina propria which is hyperplastic loose connective tissue

19
Q

Myometrium

A

tunic muscularis of uterus. Thick inner circle of smooth muscle

20
Q

Perimetrium

A

tunica serosa of uterus

21
Q

Meiosis produces haploid cells. Diploidy is restored after

A

union of male and female gametes at fertilization

22
Q

1st meitotic division

A

synthesis phase

23
Q

The first meiotic division has a long prophase that can be divided into 5 stages

A

leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, diakinesis

24
Q

Leptotene

A

The chromatic of the chromatids is stretched out very thinly and condensation begins

25
Q

Zygotene

A

homologous chromosomes pair side by side; this pairing is called synapsis and characteristic of meiosis . Require a synaptonemal complex

26
Q

Pachytene

A

the chromatids thicken and shorten, crossing over may occur which leads to genetic recombination

27
Q

Diplotene

A
  • the synaptonemal complex breaks down and the two homologous chromosomes start to separate
  • they may remain attached at various places called chiasmata
  • high level of gene transcription
28
Q

1st meotic arrest

A

at end of diplotene
arrests from birth until close to ovulation
resumption is dependent on LH

29
Q

Diakinesis

A

occurs after LH surge at first ovulation

  • the centromeres move away from each other
  • ends with the breakdown of the nuclear membrane germinal vesicle and the migration of the chromosomes to the metaphase plate
30
Q

After going through the 5 stages of prophase meiosis 1 continues to go through the stages of

A

Metaphase I, Ananphase I, Telophase I

31
Q

Interkinesis/Interphase II

A

No DNA replication occurs

32
Q

2nd meiotic division

A 
Similar to mitosis- no DNA replication 
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
33
Q

2nd meiotic arrest

A

occurs at Metaphase II

Meiosis is only completed after fertilization

34
Q

Two hormones that regulate follicular developments

A

FSH and LH

35
Q

Where are FSH receptors located on the follicle

A

granulosa cells

36
Q

Where are LH cells located on the follicle

A

initially only on thecal cells and in late stages also on granulosa cells

Reproduction (2017) (13 decks)

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