09 - Neurone signalling Flashcards
Signals travel from cell body to terminals via…
Electrical signalling
Neurone signalling is fast and can occur over…
Long distances
Neurones are important to pharmacology because they are a…
Potential site for drug action (e.g. local anaesthetics and anticonvulsants)
Signalling between neurones is (chemical / electrical/ hormonal)…
Chemical (neurotransmitters)
The 4 common features of neurotransmitters…
- Synthesis
- Storage and release
- Interaction with target cell
- Termination of action
Synthetic enzymes produce neurotransmitters from…
Precursors
The precursor for dopamine is…
Tyrosine
Vesicles contain the neurotransmitters, which protects them from…
Metabolic enzymes
Vesicles release their contents across the synaptic cleft by…
Ca2+ dependent exocytosis
Receptors on the target cell may have which 2 types of effect?
Excitatory or inhibitory
Receptors on the target cell are ligand gated ion channels or…
G protein linked
Ligand gated ion channels linked to post synaptic receptors open via…
Allosteric conformational change
Excitatory receptors linked with ion channels allow movement of…
Sodium ions
Inhibitory receptors linked with ion channels allow passage of…
Chloride ions
G-protein linked receptors are (fast / slow)
Slow
G-protein linked receptors can activate enzymes or may…
Open an ion channel
Neurotransmitters are removed from the synaptic cleft by…
High affinity reputable transporters
Reuptake of acetylcholine differs from other neurotransmitters in that…
It is broken down extracellularly (while other NTs are reuptake first)
Pharmacological interventions at neurotransmitter synthesis… (3)
- precursor availability
- synthetic enzyme inhibition
- false transmitters
Pharmacological interventions during storage and release…
- vesicles disrupters
- releasing agents, no AP needed (e.g. amphetamines)
- block metabolic enzymes
Pharmacological interventions at the point of termination…
- reuptake inhibition (e.g. SSRI)
- Inhibition of metabolism (for acetylcholine)
