01 - General principles of pharmacology Flashcards
Pharmacology is the study of both…
What drugs do to the body and what bodies do to drugs
Pharmocodynamics is effect of…
A drug on the body
Pharmocodynamics considers both (2)…
Molecular interactions and the influence of drug concentrations on the magnitude of response
Pharmacokinetics is the effect of…
The body on the drug (i.e. the journey of a drug through the body)
Pharmacokinetics can divided into 4 stages…
- Absorption
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Excretion
(Acronym: ADME)
The pharmacokinetics of a drug, i.e. the ‘ADME’ stages ( differ / does not differ) between individuals
Differ
Antihistamine binds to histamine receptors, specifically…
H1 found in the skin and mucus membranes
Histamine H2 receptors are found:
a) throughout the body
b) in the skin and mucus membranes
c) in the stomach
d) in the skin, mucus membranes and stomach
c) in the stomach
Drug sources can be divided into either (2)…
Natural or synthetic
Most drugs in the past were of…
Natural origin
Modern drugs are largely of…
Synthetic origins
Synthetic drugs can be totally synthetic or they can be…
Identical or derived from natural compounds (such as insulin and codeine respectively)
Taxanes are an example of ( Natural / synthetic ) drugs…
Natural
Anti-cancer drug derived from the bark of the Yew Tree
A new class of synthetic drugs are…
Biologics
Biologics are drugs produced by or extracted from…
Biological sources
Shape and charge both effect drug interactions with…
Targets
List bond types from weakest to strongest….
- van der Waals (temporary dipole-dipole interactions)
- hydrogen bonds (permanent dipole-dipole interactions)
- Ionic bonds (electron transfer)
- Covalent bonds (electron sharing) (Strongest)
Potential targets of drug action are (4)…
- Receptors (Beta 2 adrenoreceptors -> salbutamol)
- Ion channels (Voltage gate -> Lidocaine)
- Carrier molecules (Proton pump -> Omeprazole)
- Enzymes (Cyclooxygenase -> Aspirin)
(acronym ‘RICE’, drugs target ‘RICE’)
Physiochemical drugs don’t work by interacting with receptors. 3 examples are…
- Antidotes (prevents overdose)
- Antacids (neutralises acid)
- Laxatives (osmotic laxatives)
